Pharmacotherapeutics Flashcards
what position should a child be in when administering medications
standing or at least propped up to 45 degrees
prevents choking/gagging
what is the best way to restrain a child to give medication
on parent/guardian lap, facing provider. Parent puts one arm around child’s torso and arms. The other holds the child’s head back by putting a hand on the forehead.
what is the difference between the FDA guidelines and the american academy of peds guidelines when it comes to OTC old medications
AAP - discourages use under the age of 6
FDA - discourages use under age of 2
what severe and life threatening side effects can potentially result from the use of OTC cold meds in children
Tachycardia, convulsions, and decreased levels of consciousness
why is there increased potential for enhanced toxicity of meds in young children
due to metabolism, drug clearance, and drug effects varying according to age
what is the pediatric cough and cold safety surveillance system
a system that gains information from the following sources about pediatric cough and cold safety
- The National Poison Data System of the American Association of Poison Control Centers
- The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
- US-based news/media reports
- English-language medical literature
- Manufacturer postmarketing safety databases
where can you find the correct dosing for OTC mediactions in peds
the medicine’s “drug facts” label.
read carefully and follow directions!
what is the standard dosing method recommended by the AAP
a syringe in milliliters instead of a teaspoon
do not give a child 2 medications that have the same ____________ becuase it could be fatal
active ingredient
what is avoided in children under 18 due to the possibility of developing reyes syndrome
aspirin or aspirin containing products
For Sudafed, what is the:
active ingredient
MOA
main use
side effects
- active ingredient: pseudoephedrine
- MOA: sympathomimetic that causes vasoconstriction by stimulation of alpha receptors in mucosa
- main use: decongestant
- side effects: dizziness, difficulty sleeping, nervousness, tachycardia, HTN, irritability
what is the alternatives to sudafed
topical decongestants such as phenylephrine/oxymetazoline (afrin)
Less systemic effects, however could cause rebound congestion
For Robitussin/Delsym what is the:
Active ingredient:
MOA:
Side effects:
- Active ingredient: dextromethorphan (isomer of codeine)
- MOA: acts on cough center of medulla to suppress cough
- Side effects: nausea, sedation, dizziness, abdominal pain
what patients should avoid taking Delsym
- asthma
- CF
for mucinex what is the:
Active ingredient:
MOA:
Side effects:
- Active ingredient: Guaifenesin
- MOA: increases resp tract fluid secretions and loosens bronchial secretions by reducing viscosity (aids in the clearance of mucous)
- Nonproductive cough becomes more productive, less frequent, less irritating
