Oncology Trigger Flashcards

1
Q

uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphocytes with >25% blasts on bone aspiration

A

ALL

leukemic blasts replace bone marrow

Remember AML is 30%

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2
Q

Which cancer diagnoses present w pancytopenia

neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia

A

ALL AML

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3
Q

Peripheral smear shows lymphoblasts

A

ALL

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4
Q

ANC <1000

A

ALL

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5
Q

Hyperdiploidy + translocation of 12 and 21

A

ALL

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6
Q

What are the 3 phases of treatment for ALL

A
  1. remission induction (chemo+steroid or MTX, 95% remission!)
  2. intensification consolidation (intrathecal chemo and possible radiation to kill lymphobalsts in meninges)
  3. continuation therapy/maintenance (daily oral chemo, weekly MTX, pulses of IV chemo and oral steroids)
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7
Q

peripheral smear showing Auer rods

A

AML

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8
Q

What are the 3 phases of treatment in AML

A
  1. 1 month induction chemo
  2. intrathecal chemo and sometimes radiation
  3. 1-2 chemo tx lasting 2 months at a time for 9 months.
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9
Q

germinal center B cells undergoing malignant transformation

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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10
Q

Painless cervical LAD with mediastinal masses

A

Hodkins lymphoma

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11
Q

what symptoms are “B symptoms”

A
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • drenching night sweats
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12
Q

Associated w EBV infection

A

HL and NHL

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13
Q

biopsy shows large abnormal lymphocytes that contain more than one nuclei

A

HL

these are reed sternberg cells (sorry i just know davis would do this)

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14
Q

Indications for early biopsy of large lymph nodes in kids

A
  • no infectious cause
  • > 2cm
  • supraclavicular
  • abnormal CXR
  • increasing size despite 2 weeks of abx or no decrease in size in 4-6 wks
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15
Q

immature lymphocytes grow out of control and fail to mature and therefore acucmulate in lymph tissue (thymus, spleen, nodes)

A

NHL

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16
Q

the abdomen is the MC area of tumors for this diseae

followed by chest/mediastinum

17
Q

Most to least common types of NHL? state what cell each originate from and what chromosomes theyre associated with

A
  1. burkitt lymphoma (B cells & chrmosome 8)
  2. lymphoblastic lymphoma (T cells and translocation of 14 and 7 w deletion of chrom 1)
  3. large cell lymphoma (B,T or histocytes, no chromosome assocaition)
18
Q

what type of NHL has mediastinal mass as MC tumor area

A

lymphoblastic lymphoma

19
Q

presents as ALL but <25% of blasts in bone marrow

A

lymphoblastic lymphoma (NHL)

20
Q

what are the glial cell tumors

A

astrocytomas and ependymomas

21
Q

what are teh Non-Glial cell tumors

A

medulloblastomas and other primitive tumors

22
Q

what are the WHO grades for astocytomas

A
    • MC slow grwoing and cystic requiring surgical removal only
  1. (1-2) slow growing least serious (80%)
  2. 3-4 fast growing and malignant
23
Q

located in cerebellum and MC brian tumor in children

A

astrocytoma!

24
Q

these tumorsare found on the lining of ventricles or spinal cord near the cerebellum, why is this a problem>

A

ependymomas

it blocks flow of CSF

25
The MC brian tumor is a () and it metastasizes to ()
medulloblastomas spinal cord
26
MC cancer in infancy
neuroblastoma
27
MC extracranial solid cancer in childhood
neuroblastoma
28
firm, fixed, immobile abdominal mass that extends past the midline.
think neuroblastoma | would you also consider NHL? idk
29
increased urine catecholamine
neuroblastoma
30
asymptomatic abdomial mass that does NOT cross midline but is mobile and can be displaced
nephroblastoma
31
MC metastasis site is the lungs:(
wilms tumor/nephroblastoma also osteosarcoma!!
32
this cancer affects osteoblasts w 2 suppressor gene mutations (p53 and Rb)
osteosarcoma
33
asoscaited w rapid bone growth and a kid that is taller than other peers
osteosarcoma
34
Xray showing sun burst appearance or codmans triangle
osteosarcoma
35
mutation of RB1 gene on chromosome 13
retinoblastoma