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Pediatrics > Oncology Trigger > Flashcards

Oncology Trigger Flashcards

1
Q

uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphocytes with >25% blasts on bone aspiration

A

ALL

leukemic blasts replace bone marrow

Remember AML is 30%

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2
Q

Which cancer diagnoses present w pancytopenia

neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia

A

ALL AML

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3
Q

Peripheral smear shows lymphoblasts

A

ALL

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4
Q

ANC <1000

A

ALL

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5
Q

Hyperdiploidy + translocation of 12 and 21

A

ALL

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6
Q

What are the 3 phases of treatment for ALL

A
  1. remission induction (chemo+steroid or MTX, 95% remission!)
  2. intensification consolidation (intrathecal chemo and possible radiation to kill lymphobalsts in meninges)
  3. continuation therapy/maintenance (daily oral chemo, weekly MTX, pulses of IV chemo and oral steroids)
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7
Q

peripheral smear showing Auer rods

A

AML

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8
Q

What are the 3 phases of treatment in AML

A
  1. 1 month induction chemo
  2. intrathecal chemo and sometimes radiation
  3. 1-2 chemo tx lasting 2 months at a time for 9 months.
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9
Q

germinal center B cells undergoing malignant transformation

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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10
Q

Painless cervical LAD with mediastinal masses

A

Hodkins lymphoma

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11
Q

what symptoms are “B symptoms”

A
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • drenching night sweats
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12
Q

Associated w EBV infection

A

HL and NHL

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13
Q

biopsy shows large abnormal lymphocytes that contain more than one nuclei

A

HL

these are reed sternberg cells (sorry i just know davis would do this)

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14
Q

Indications for early biopsy of large lymph nodes in kids

A
  • no infectious cause
  • > 2cm
  • supraclavicular
  • abnormal CXR
  • increasing size despite 2 weeks of abx or no decrease in size in 4-6 wks
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15
Q

immature lymphocytes grow out of control and fail to mature and therefore acucmulate in lymph tissue (thymus, spleen, nodes)

A

NHL

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16
Q

the abdomen is the MC area of tumors for this diseae

followed by chest/mediastinum

A

NHL

17
Q

Most to least common types of NHL? state what cell each originate from and what chromosomes theyre associated with

A
  1. burkitt lymphoma (B cells & chrmosome 8)
  2. lymphoblastic lymphoma (T cells and translocation of 14 and 7 w deletion of chrom 1)
  3. large cell lymphoma (B,T or histocytes, no chromosome assocaition)
18
Q

what type of NHL has mediastinal mass as MC tumor area

A

lymphoblastic lymphoma

19
Q

presents as ALL but <25% of blasts in bone marrow

A

lymphoblastic lymphoma (NHL)

20
Q

what are the glial cell tumors

A

astrocytomas and ependymomas

21
Q

what are teh Non-Glial cell tumors

A

medulloblastomas and other primitive tumors

22
Q

what are the WHO grades for astocytomas

A
    • MC slow grwoing and cystic requiring surgical removal only
  2. (1-2) slow growing least serious (80%)
  3. 3-4 fast growing and malignant
23
Q

located in cerebellum and MC brian tumor in children

A

astrocytoma!

24
Q

these tumorsare found on the lining of ventricles or spinal cord near the cerebellum, why is this a problem>

A

ependymomas

it blocks flow of CSF

25
Q

The MC brian tumor is a () and it metastasizes to ()

A

medulloblastomas

spinal cord

26
Q

MC cancer in infancy

A

neuroblastoma

27
Q

MC extracranial solid cancer in childhood

A

neuroblastoma

28
Q

firm, fixed, immobile abdominal mass that extends past the midline.

A

think neuroblastoma

would you also consider NHL? idk

29
Q

increased urine catecholamine

A

neuroblastoma

30
Q

asymptomatic abdomial mass that does NOT cross midline but is mobile and can be displaced

A

nephroblastoma

31
Q

MC metastasis site is the lungs:(

A

wilms tumor/nephroblastoma

also osteosarcoma!!

32
Q

this cancer affects osteoblasts w 2 suppressor gene mutations (p53 and Rb)

A

osteosarcoma

33
Q

asoscaited w rapid bone growth and a kid that is taller than other peers

A

osteosarcoma

34
Q

Xray showing sun burst appearance or codmans triangle

A

osteosarcoma

35
Q

mutation of RB1 gene on chromosome 13

A

retinoblastoma

Pediatrics (41 decks)

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