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Pediatrics > Lecture 20: Common developmental/Behavioral Issues > Flashcards

Lecture 20: Common developmental/Behavioral Issues Flashcards

1
Q

By what age should we expect a child to have an adult sleep pattern?

A

Age 3

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2
Q

Sleep disorders are characterized under the age of…

A

12

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3
Q

Usually by () weeks, a baby should be able to sleep through the night.

A

12 weeks

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4
Q

Children older than 6 months sometimes wake up during the night because they want to feed. To encourage them to sleep through the night, you should…

A

Consume a full meal at night so they don’t sleep hungry

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5
Q

Contrary to instinct, it is recommended to () when a baby makes noise at night due to hunger.

A

Leave the baby alone and see if it goes back to sleep without parental intervention.

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6
Q

Trained night awakenings are when you wake a child up between 4-8 months of age but ()

A

They dont require a feeding.

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7
Q

Why does object permanence affect sleep at 8 months?

A

Kids remember things exist even if they are out of sight.

Developmental night awakenings

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8
Q

Sleep-onset associations are when a child develops () behavior to go to sleep

A

Learned behavior, aka they fall asleep only in certain situations

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9
Q

Limit setting disorder is when a parent () bedtime routines.

A

Prolongs/extends

No more one more!

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10
Q

Unusual behaviors/experiences that occur during sleep or transition between sleeping and awakneing are known as…

A

Parasomnias

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11
Q

Night terrors are different from nightmares because…

A

You don’t remember night terrors

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12
Q

Night terrors tend to occur during the () 3rd of the night

A

1st third of the night

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13
Q

A parent asks when their kids night terrors will stop. You reassure them that 95% resolve on their own by age…

A

8

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14
Q

Nightmares MC occur between the ages of () - ()

A

3-6 years

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15
Q

Separation anxiety can develop if there is poor trust building during the () year of life

A

1st year of life

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16
Q

An infant with high levels of mistrust tends to be (more/less) clingy to their caregiver

A

More clingy

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17
Q

Stranger anxiety tends to appear around () months, but can last beyond () months

A

Begins around 6-8 months, but can last past 24 months.

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18
Q

You should consider professional help if your child remains aggressive and destructive by (grade)

A

Kindergarten

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19
Q

Aggression in a young child can eventually lead to… (3) serious disorders

A
  • Conduct disorder
  • Oppositional defiant disorder
  • Substance abuse
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20
Q

Temper tantrums are MC between the ages of () to () years

A

1-4 years

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21
Q

Tantrums are considered a reflection of…

A

Immaturity

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22
Q

List of how to deal with temper tantrums at WCC

A
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23
Q

The general rule of thumb for time outs is () minute per year of age

A

1 minute per year of age.

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24
Q

T/F: You should give in to your child’s tantrum

A

Never!!!!!

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25
Q

Cyanotic breath holding spells are usually due to ()/(), whereas pallid breath holding spells are due to ()/()

A
  • Cyanotic: anger/frustration
  • Pallid: Minor injury/fear
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26
Q

Pallid spells start with () cries, whereas cyanotic spells start with () cries

Loud vs quiet

A
  • Pallid: brief/silent
  • Cyanotic: Short loud cry
27
Q

Breath-holding spells are associated with () anemia

A

Iron-deficiency

28
Q

Generally, breath-holding spells are treated via

A

Parental education

Meds not recommended

29
Q

Children generally become aware of their need to go potty by months ()-()

A

12-18 months

30
Q

By 18-24 months, children can briefly control their () muscles

Urinary related

A

Sphincter muscles

31
Q

By 24-36 months, children can start () parent’s bathroom behaviors

A

Mimicking same sex parent’s bathroom behavior

32
Q

Sticker charts work really well for potty training in what age range?

A

3 years or older

33
Q

One way to potty train a child is to () them every hour

A

Put them on the toilet every hour

34
Q

The best way to potty train a child is…

A

Whatever way works

35
Q

Thumb sucking is a universal action in infants, but typically goes away by the age of…

A

4/preschool

36
Q

The physical issue we are worried about with kids that continually thumb suck is…

A

Dental malocclusion

Teeth misalignment

37
Q

The most effective way to manage thumb sucking is a combination of () treatment and ()

A

Aversive taste treatment and reward system

38
Q

Nail biting is an extension of…

A

Thumb sucking

39
Q

T/F: Children seeking attention usually have a legit reason

A

True

40
Q

Exploration begins around age () months, and peaks around () years. It will also restart in adolescence

A

2 months, peaking at 4 years

Pretty much humping

41
Q

Generally, infants/children have a similar physiologic orgasmic response to adults, but the exception is…

A

Ejaculation

42
Q

A parent sees their 2 year old child kinda banging their head and rocking out. They are concerned that this may cause brain injury. You tell the parent…

A

Assure them it does not cause brain injury.

43
Q

Encopresis is….

A

Leakage of stool into clothing (usually involuntary)

44
Q

The MCC of encopresis is…

A

Constipation

45
Q

Retentive encopresis is characterized by () leakage of fecal material due to impaction, eventually leading to an () sphincter.

A

Involuntary leakage, eventually leading to an incompetent sphincter.

46
Q

Physical exam of retentive encopresis usually reveals a () on abdominal exam and a () rectum on rectal exam

A
  • Abdominal mass
  • Dilated rectum
47
Q

Tx of acute retentive encopresis is via

A

Enema + miralax

48
Q

Tx of chronic retentive encopresis is via…

A
  • Miralax/lactulose QD for like 6 months
  • Laxatives if megacolon
  • Increased fiber

Once impaction is cleared.

49
Q

Acute retentive encopresis should be seen in () after impaction is cleared.

A

1 week

50
Q

Nonretentive encopresis is…

A

Passage of normal BMs into underwear rather than toilet

They dont want to use the toilet so they poop voluntarily.

51
Q

Management for nonretentive encopresis is…

A

Reward training

52
Q

Pervasive development disorders are characterized by () reciprocal social interactions, () language development, and () behavior repetoire

A
  • Impaired reciprocal social interactions
  • Aberrant language development
  • Restricted behavioral repertoire
53
Q

PDD usually occur prior to the age of…

A

4

54
Q

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by 3 symptom categories, which are:

  1. qualitative () in social interaction
  2. impairment in ()
  3. Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped ()
A
  • Qualitative imapirment in social interaction
  • Impairment in communication
  • Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior
55
Q

What developmental screening tool helps screen for ASD?

A

MCHAT

56
Q

DSM-V diagnosis of ASD uses 3 categories related to social interaction in multiple settings, which are:

A
  • Social-emotional reciprocity
  • Nonverbal communication for social interaction
  • Relationship development/maintenance

Must impair function, present early, and no other explanation.

57
Q

ASD behaviors include: (4)

A
  • Stereotyped behaviors
  • Ritualistic/unchanging patterns
  • Highly restricted/focused/nicheinterests
  • Increased/Decreased response to sensory stimuli
58
Q

In ASD, the social communication/interaction is graded on a severity of level 1-3. Level 1 requires () support, where as level 3 requires ()

A
  • Level 1 requires no support
  • Level 3 requires substantial support
59
Q

In ASD, the repetitive/restricted behavior is graded on a severity of level 1-3. Level 1 requires () support, where as level 3 requires ()

A
  • Level 1 requires support, significant effect on function.
  • Level 3 require substantial support and extreme effects.
60
Q

The TOC to manage ASD is…

A

Educational and behavioral interventions

61
Q

In the US, Asperger syndrome falls under

A

Autism spectrum disorder

62
Q

The hallmark sign of asperger syndrome/ASD is…

A

Atypical social development

63
Q

Per the DSM-5, Asperger syndrome corresponds to level () of ASD.

A

Level 1 of ASD without intellectual impairment

Pediatrics (41 decks)

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