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Other Systems NPTE > Pharmacology- Other Systems > Flashcards

Pharmacology- Other Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is Enteral Administration of drugs?

A

involves the use of the GI tract for drug admintistration

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2
Q

What is Parenteral Administration of drugs?

A

any form of drug administration that does not use the GI tract

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3
Q

What are the drawbacks of oral drug administration?

A

must be lipid-soluble

has to be filtered by the liver before reaching target

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4
Q

Why would sublingual medications be faster acting than oral?

A

It is absorbed under the tongue and taken immediately into the circulatory system and into the heart thus bypassing the liver

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5
Q

Which method of administration of drugs is absorbed by the body more easily, sublingual or rectal?

A

Sublingual

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6
Q

What is the difference between topical and transdermal drug administration?

A

both are put directly on the skin but topical agents are used for superficial conditions such as a rash or cut while transdermal aims to have a slow absorption of a drug through the skin into the circulatory system

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7
Q

What is an intrathecal injection?

A

injecting a drug into a sheath such as the subarachnoid space of the spinal meninges to bypass the blood brain barrier for CNS drugs

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8
Q

What is Bioavailability?

A

percentage of a drug that makes it into the systemic circulation from the site of original administration, (drugs injected intravenously are 100% bioavailable)

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9
Q

What is the Dose-Response Curve?

A

a graphic representing how the more medication is used the body response increases but only up to a certain point at which point it plateaus

can be used to compare the potency of two drugs

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10
Q

What are pharmacodynamics?

A

the study of how a drug exerts it therapeutic effect on the body at the cellular or organ level

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11
Q

What are pharmacotherapuetics?

A

division of pharmacology that deals with the use of drugs for preventing, treating, and diagnosing diseases

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12
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

a measurement of the safety of a drug which is calculated as a ratio to compare the effectiveness of a drug against it’s lethal effects, lower TI scores are worse

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13
Q

What is the Action of Bone Mineral Regulating Agents?

A

attempt to enhance and maximize bone mass along with preventing bone loss or rate of bone reabsorption and can include estrogens, calcium and vitamin D, bisphophonates, calcitonin, and anabolic agents

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14
Q

What is the action of Hormone Replacements Agents?

A

restore normal endocrine function when endogenous production of a particular hormone is deficient or absent

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15
Q

What is the action of Hyperfunction Agents?

A

manage hyperactive endocrine function to allow for inhibition of hormone function, which is accomplished through negative feedback loops or through hormone antagonists

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16
Q

What is the action of Antacid Agents?

A

used to chemically neutralize gastric acid and increase the intragastric pH

classified as aluminum containing, calcium carbonate containing, magnesium containing, or sodium bicarbonate containing

17
Q

When are antibiotics usually prescribed for GI issues?

A

for issues with an H. Pylori infection with the goal of facilitating more rapid healing of associated gastric ulcerations

18
Q

What is the action of anticholinergics in the GI system?

A

block the effects of acetylcholine on parietal cells in the stomach and decrease the release of gastric acid

19
Q

What is the action of antidiarrheal againts?

A

used to slow the serious debilitating effects of dehydration associated with prolonged diarrhea

20
Q

What is the action of Antiemetic Agents in the GI system?

A

used to decrease symptoms of nausea and vomiting

21
Q

What is the action of Emetic Agents in the GI system?

A

used to induce vomiting

22
Q

What is the action of H2 Receptor Blockers in the GI system?

A

bind specifically to histamine receptors to prevent the histamine-activated release of gastric acid normally stimulated during food intake

used for peptic ulcers and GERD

23
Q

What is the action of laxative agents?

A

used to facilitate bowel evacuation and should be used sparingly

24
Q

What is the action of Proton Pump Inhibitors in the GI system?

A

inhibit the H+/K+ -ATPase enzyme, blocking secretions of acid from gastric cells into the stomach to prevent erosive esophagitis and may also possess antibacterial effects against H. pylori

Used for GERD

25
Q

What is the action of Overactive Bladder Agents?

A

relieve the symptoms of an overactive bladder which is noted by involuntary contractions of the bladder

26
Q

What is the action of Urinary Anti-infective Agents?

A

treat urinary tract infections but are not traditional antibiotics or sulfonamide agents, these can be used independently or in combination to treat UTIs

27
Q

What is the action of Alkylating Agents for Oncology?

A

bind the DNA strands together to prevent replication, if the DNA cannot untwist then it cannot divide and replicate it’s genetic code, these agents help initiate cell death by altering DNA function and releasing enzymes which destroy the cell

28
Q

Why are some antibiotic agents used to fight cancer?

A

due to their high toxicity and ability to interfere with RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent cell division

29
Q

What is the action of antimetabolite agents for oncology?

A

impairs biosynthesis of genetic material and interrupt the cellular pathways that synthesize DNA and RNA, these agents create an impostor to the endogenous metabolites within the body to form a nonfunctional genetic product that is incapable of reproduction

30
Q

How are Heavy Metal Compounds used in Oncology?

A

used as antineoplastic agents which act as alkylating agents that inhibit DNA translation and replication

31
Q

How are Hormones used in Oncology pharmacology?

A

some hormones can exacerbate or facilitate proliferation of some forms of cancer while others can attenuate some cancers, hormones can be used as an adjunct treatment alongside more specific treatment

32
Q

What is the action of Antianxiety Agents?

A

they collectively target the CNS through facilitating GABA effects or targeting dopamine and serotonin within the brain

33
Q

What is the action of Antidepressant Agents?

A

attempt to increase aminergic transmission and normalize neurotransmission activity

34
Q

What is the action of Antipsychotic Agents?

A

block dopamine receptors and reduce the overactivity of dopamine typically transmitted in areas such as the limbic system, agent will bind with dopamine receptor but allow for activation

35
Q

What is the action of Bipolar Disorder Agents?

A

focus on preventing manic episodes in order to avoid extreme mood swings, primarily using lithium

Other Systems NPTE (26 decks)

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