Oncology Pathologies

Question 1

What is metastatic brain cancer?

Answer 1

when a brain tumor develops as a consequence of cancer in another primary area of the body

Question 2

What is the most common female malignancy?

Where are metastases of this cancer typically found?

Answer 2

Breast Cancer

lymph nodes, lungs, bones, skin, and the brain

Question 3

What are the typical signs of breast cancer?

Answer 3

A lump in breast tissue that is irregular and non-painful and may also be accompanied wit nipple discharge, erythema, or a change in breast shape

Question 4

What is cervical dysplasia?

Answer 4

a precancerous condition where squamous cells congregate on the surface of the cervix and is easily treatable but can progress to cervical cancer

potentially can metastasize to the bladder, intestines, lungs, and liver

Question 5

What accounts for the majority of colorectal cancers?

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma and primary lymphoma

Question 6

Which cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer?

Answer 6

Lung Cancer

Question 7

What is lymphoma?

What are the two main types?

Answer 7

cancer found in the lymphatic system

Hodgkin Disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 8

What is the difference between Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 8

The presence of an abnormal cell called a Reed-Sternberg cell (present in Hodgkin Lymphoma)

Question 9

What is the most common form of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 9

cancer of the exocrine glands within the ducts

Question 10

What are the common metastases areas of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 10

liver, lungs, pleura, colon, stomach and spleen

Question 11

What is the most common form of prostate cancer?

Answer 11

Adenocarcinoma

Question 12

What age of men is typically affected by prostate cancer?

Answer 12

Men over 50

Question 13

What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Answer 13

a slow growing form of skin cancer that rarely metastasizes

most common form of skin cancer

Question 14

What is malignant melanoma?

Answer 14

a fast spreading and dangerous form of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes and usually occurs in people aged 40-60

Question 15

What is Astrocytoma?

What are the two types?

What are the signs and symptoms of each type?

Answer 15

a classification that accounts for ~50% of pediatric brain tumors

Cerebellar-SxS include clumsiness, ataxic gait, headache, change in personality, and vomiting

Supratentorial-headache, seizures, change in personality, visual impairments, and vomiting

Question 16

What is Leukemia?

Answer 16

cancer of the blood that occurs when leukocytes change into malignant cells which invade into the bone marrow and cease the production of normal cells

Question 17

What is a neuroblastoma?

Answer 17

a tumor that initiates from primitive ectodermal cells of the neural plate and is found within the sympathetic nervous system

The most common malignant tumor seen in children

Question 18

What is Osteogenic Sarcoma?

Answer 18

a cancer that occurs at the epiphyses of long bones and is the most common form of bone cancer in children with a peak incidence between the ages of 10 and 20

Question 19

What is Wilm’s Tumor?

Answer 19

an embryonal nephroblastoma found in the kidney which is usually diagnosed between ages 1-4