Oncology Terminology Flashcards
What are the general signs and symptoms of cancer?
- Change in bowel/bladder routine
- a sore that will not heal
- unusual bleeding/discharge
- thickening/lump develops
- indigestion or difficulty swallowing
- Nagging cough/hoarseness
unexplained weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, anemia, pain, and/or weakness or other general symptoms
What are the Primary Prevention strategies for cancer?
- elimination of modifiable risk factors
- use of natural agents to prevent cancers
- cancer vaccine
What are the secondary Prevention strategies for cancer?
- early detection
- selective preventative pharmacy agents
- multifactorial risk reduction
What are the tertiary prevention strategies for cancer?
- prevent disability that can occur secondary to cancer and it’s treatment
- manage symptoms
- limit complications
What tumors are associated with epithelial tissue such as skin, lining of the bladder, and mucous membrane?
Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
What tumors are associated with pigmented cells such as moles?
malignant melanoma
What tumors are associated with connective tissue such as striated muscle, bone, blood vessels, fat, cartilage, and smooth muscle?
sarcomas
What tumors are associated with nerve tissue such as in the brain, in nerves, in spinal cord, etc?
Astrocytoma glioma neurilemma sarcoma neuroblastoma retinoblastoma
What tumors are associated with lymphoid tissue such as lymph nodes?
lymphoma
What tumors are associated with hematopoietic tissue such as one marrows and plasma cells?
leukemia
myelodysplasia
multiple myeloma
What is Stage 0 cancer?
early malignancy that is present only in the layer of cells in which it began (carcinoma in situ)
What is Stage 1 cancer?
malignancy limited to the tissue of origin with no lymph involvement or metastasis
What is Stage 2 cancer?
malignancy spreading into adjacent tissues; lymph nodes may show signs of micrometastases
What is Stage 3 cancer?
malignancy that has spread to adjacent tissue showing signs of fixation to deeper structures, likelihood of metastatic lymph node involvement is high
What is Stage 4 cancer?
Malignancy that has metastasized beyond the primary site, for example, to bone or another origin
What is Adjuvant?
treatment provided, in addition to other cure-focused interventions with the intention of preventing cancer recurrence
What is a Benign Neoplasm?
an abnormal cell growth that is usually slow growing and harmless
What are differentiated cells?
cells that have matured from a less specific to a more specific cell type
What is dysplasia?
an abnormal development of cells or tissue that is often an early sign of neoplasia
What is hyperplasia?
an increase in cell number that may be normal or abnormal depending on additional characterstics
What is metaplasia?
a change in a cell from one type to another that may be normal or abnormal
What is Neoadjuvant?
chemotherapy or radiation given prior to surgical oncology intervention
