Genitourinary Pathology Flashcards
What is Endometriosis?
What are common signs and symptoms for this disease?
development of endometrial tissue (which normally lines the uterus) in extrauterine locations within the abdomen and pelvis
SxS vary but can include moderate to severe lower abdominal, pelvic, or low back pain before or during menstruation, irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual spotting, dyspareunia, pain during defecation and infertility
What is Uterine Prolapse?
What are common signs and symptoms for this disease?
descent of the uterus and cervix into the vagina
-Baden-Walker System is most commonly used tool to classify extent of prolapse
SxS vary but can include pelvic pressure that increases with exertion, urinary incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying, discomfort, vaginal dryness or irritation, dyspareunia and LBP that is relieved when lying down
What is Prostatitis?
What are common signs and symptoms for this disease?
Inflammation of the prostate gland most commonly due to infection
SxS include watery urethral discharge, urgency, frequency, discomfort with urination, and pain with ejaculation
What is Erectile Dysfunction? How does it relate to diabetes?
also known as impotence is the failure to maintain or achieve erection and is very common in diabetic patients (25-85%) and occurs 10-15 years earlier than in men without diabetes
What is Renal Failure?
What are the two forms?
A condition where the kidneys experience a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and fail to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood
Acute and Chronic
What are the characteristics of Acute Renal Failure?
- sudden decline in renal function
- increase in BUN and creatine
- prerenal etiology is secondary to a decrease in blood flow typically due to shock, hemorrhage, burn or pulmonary embolism
- postrenal etiology is secondary to obstruction distal to the kidney due to neoplasm, kidney stone, or prostate hypertrophy
- intrarenal etiology is secondary to primary damage of renal tissue due to toxins, intrarenal ischemia, or vascular disorders
What are the characteristics of Chronic Renal Failure?
- progressive deterioration of renal function
- diabetes mellitus
- severe HTN, obstructive uropathy
- interstitial nephritis
- polycystic kidney disease
What are the 5 stages of kidney disease?
Stage 1-kidney damage with normal GFR (90 or higher)
Stage 2- mild decrease in GFR (60-89)
Stage 3-moderate GFR decrease (30-59)
Stage 4- Severe GFR reduction (15-29)
Stage 5- Kidney failure (GFR less than 15)
What is hemodialysis?
A treatment for kidney failure where blood is taken from the body and externally filtered then put back in to bypass the kidneys
patients who needs dialysis usually need it 3x a week
What is Neurogenic Bladder?
What are common signs and symptoms for this disease?
a dysfunction where there is damage to the cerebral control that allows for urinary dysfunction, if the urine cannot be properly released there may be an increase in UTI and kidney damage
SxS include frequent urinary tract infections, leakage of urine, inability to empty bladder or loss of the urge to urinate when the bladder is full
What is Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)?
the loss of urine due to activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as sneezing coughing laughing running and jumping
What is Urge Urinary Incontinence?
the loss of urine after a sudden, intense urge to void due to the detrusor muscle of the bladder involuntarily contracting during bladder filling, this is the most common incontinence in geriatric population and among resident in long term care facilities.
What is Overflow Urinary Incontinence?
the loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds the urethra’s capacity to remain closed due to urinary retention
Usually patients will also experience difficulty initiating urine stream
What is functional urinary incontinence?
loss of urine due to the inability or unwillingness of a person to use the bathroom facilities prior to involuntary bladder release
usually due to decreased mental awareness or decreased mobility
What is piriformis syndrome?
a persistent, severe, radiating low back and buttock pain spanning from the sacrum to the hip and posterior thigh due to nerve entrapment of the sciatic nerve
