Hormones Flashcards
Where does every hormone secreted by the hypothalamus target?
What regulates the secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus?
Target: the pituitary gland
Regulates: CNS feedback and circulating levels of hormones
What is the function of growth hormone-releasing hormone?
What gland secretes it?
increase the release of growth hormone
Hypothalamus
What is the function of growth hormone-inhibiting hormone?
What gland secretes it?
decrease the release of growth hormone
Hypothalamus
What is the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone?
What gland secretes it?
increase the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
Hypothalamus
What is the function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone?
What gland secretes it?
increase the release of thyroid stimulating hormone
Hypothalamus
What is the function of corticotropin-releasing hormone?
What gland secretes it?
increases the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
Hypothalamus
What is the function of prolactin-releasing hormone?
What gland secretes it?
stimulating the release of prolactin
Hypothalamus
What is the function of prolactin-inhibitory factor; dopamine?
What gland secretes it?
decrease the release of prolactin
Hypothalamus
What is the function of Growth Hormone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: promotes growth and development and increases protein synthesis
Target: bone and muscle
Regulated by: Hypothalamus
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Follicle-stimulating Hormone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: promotes follicular development and the creation of estrogen in females, promotes spermatogenesis in males
Target: ovaries and testes
Regulated by: Hypothalamus
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Luteinizing Hormone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: promotes ovulation along with estrogen/progesterone synthesis from the corpus luteum in females and promote testosterone synthesis in males
Target: ovaries and testes
Regulated by: Hypothalamus
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4
Target: thyroid gland
Regulated by: Hypothalamus
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases cortisol synthesis (adrenal steroids)
Target: adrenal cortex
Regulated by: Hypothalamus
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Prolactin?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: allows for the process of lactation
Target: mammary glands
Regulated by: Hypothalamus
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Oxytocin?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases the contraction of uterine muscles; promotes release of milk from mammary glands
Target: uterus and mammary glands
Regulated by: Nerve impulses from hypothalamus; stretching of the cervix and nipple stimulation
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases water reabsorption; conserves water, increases BP through stimulating contraction of muscles in small arteries
Target: kidneys
Regulated by: Decreased Water Content
Secreted by: Pituitary Gland
What is the function of Androgen?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases masculinization; promotes growth of pubic hair in males and females
Target: Ovaries and Testes
Regulated by: the hypothalamic production and release of GnRH and luteinizing hormone
Secreted by: Adrenal Cortex
What is the function of Aldosterone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys to the blood; increases excretion of potassium ions by the kidney into the urine
Target: kidneys
Regulated by: low blood sodium levels; high blood potassium level
Secreted by: Adrenal Cortex
What is the function of Cortisol (glucocorticoid)?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: influences metabolism of food molecules; anti-inflammatory effect in large amounts
Target: GI System
Regulated by: Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Secreted by: Adrenal Cortex
What is the function of Epinephrine?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: Increase HR and force of contraction; increases energy production; vasodilation in skeletal muscle
Target: Cardiovascular and metabolic systems
Regulated by: Sympathetic impulses from the hypothalamus in stress situations
Secreted by: Adrenal Medulla
What is the function of Norepinephrine?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: vasoconstriction in skin, viscera, and skeletal muscles
Target: Cardiovascular and metabolic systems
Regulated by: Sympathetic impulses from the hypothalamus in stress situations
Secreted by: Adrenal Medulla
What is the function of Estrogen and Progesterone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: involved in regulation of the female reproductive system and female sexual characteristics
Target: uterus and mammary glands
Regulated by: cyclical rise and fall of hormone levels
Secreted by: Ovaries
What is the function of Glucagon?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases blood glucose by stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose
Target: liver
Regulated by: hypoglycemia
Secreted by: Pancreas
What is the function of Insulin?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: decreases blood glucose and increases the storage of fat, protein, and carbohydrates
Target: all body systems
Regulated by: hyperglycemia
Secreted by: Pancreas
What is the function of Parathormone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases blood calcium
Target: bone, kidney, and intestinal mucosa
Regulated by: hypocalcemia
Secreted by: Parathyroid Glands
What is the function of Testosterone?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: involved in the process of spermatogenesis and male sexual characteristics
Target: pituitary gland
Regulated by: pituitary release of LH
Secreted by: Testes
What is the function of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: involved with normal development; increases cellular level metabolism
Target: all tissues
Regulated by: thyroid stimulating hormone
Secreted by: thyroid
What is the function of Calcitonin?
Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?
Function: increases calcium storage in bone; decreases blood calcium levels
Target: plasma
Regulated by: hypercalcemia
Secreted by: thyroid
What hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus?
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Prolactin-Releasing Hormone Prolactin-Inhibitory Hormone; dopamine
What Hormones are secreted by the Pituitary Gland?
Growth Hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone thyroid stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone prolactin oxytocin antidiuretic hormone
Stimulation to the posterior pituitary gland results in the secretion of which two hormones?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
