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Other Systems NPTE > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Where does every hormone secreted by the hypothalamus target?

What regulates the secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus?

A

Target: the pituitary gland

Regulates: CNS feedback and circulating levels of hormones

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2
Q

What is the function of growth hormone-releasing hormone?

What gland secretes it?

A

increase the release of growth hormone

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is the function of growth hormone-inhibiting hormone?

What gland secretes it?

A

decrease the release of growth hormone

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What is the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone?

What gland secretes it?

A

increase the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Hypothalamus

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5
Q

What is the function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone?

What gland secretes it?

A

increase the release of thyroid stimulating hormone

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

What is the function of corticotropin-releasing hormone?

What gland secretes it?

A

increases the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What is the function of prolactin-releasing hormone?

What gland secretes it?

A

stimulating the release of prolactin

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What is the function of prolactin-inhibitory factor; dopamine?

What gland secretes it?

A

decrease the release of prolactin

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What is the function of Growth Hormone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: promotes growth and development and increases protein synthesis

Target: bone and muscle

Regulated by: Hypothalamus

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

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10
Q

What is the function of Follicle-stimulating Hormone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: promotes follicular development and the creation of estrogen in females, promotes spermatogenesis in males

Target: ovaries and testes

Regulated by: Hypothalamus

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

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11
Q

What is the function of Luteinizing Hormone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: promotes ovulation along with estrogen/progesterone synthesis from the corpus luteum in females and promote testosterone synthesis in males

Target: ovaries and testes

Regulated by: Hypothalamus

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

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12
Q

What is the function of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Target: thyroid gland

Regulated by: Hypothalamus

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

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13
Q

What is the function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases cortisol synthesis (adrenal steroids)

Target: adrenal cortex

Regulated by: Hypothalamus

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

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14
Q

What is the function of Prolactin?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: allows for the process of lactation

Target: mammary glands

Regulated by: Hypothalamus

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

What is the function of Oxytocin?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases the contraction of uterine muscles; promotes release of milk from mammary glands

Target: uterus and mammary glands

Regulated by: Nerve impulses from hypothalamus; stretching of the cervix and nipple stimulation

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

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16
Q

What is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases water reabsorption; conserves water, increases BP through stimulating contraction of muscles in small arteries

Target: kidneys

Regulated by: Decreased Water Content

Secreted by: Pituitary Gland

17
Q

What is the function of Androgen?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases masculinization; promotes growth of pubic hair in males and females

Target: Ovaries and Testes

Regulated by: the hypothalamic production and release of GnRH and luteinizing hormone

Secreted by: Adrenal Cortex

18
Q

What is the function of Aldosterone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys to the blood; increases excretion of potassium ions by the kidney into the urine

Target: kidneys

Regulated by: low blood sodium levels; high blood potassium level

Secreted by: Adrenal Cortex

19
Q

What is the function of Cortisol (glucocorticoid)?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: influences metabolism of food molecules; anti-inflammatory effect in large amounts

Target: GI System

Regulated by: Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Secreted by: Adrenal Cortex

20
Q

What is the function of Epinephrine?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: Increase HR and force of contraction; increases energy production; vasodilation in skeletal muscle

Target: Cardiovascular and metabolic systems

Regulated by: Sympathetic impulses from the hypothalamus in stress situations

Secreted by: Adrenal Medulla

21
Q

What is the function of Norepinephrine?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: vasoconstriction in skin, viscera, and skeletal muscles

Target: Cardiovascular and metabolic systems

Regulated by: Sympathetic impulses from the hypothalamus in stress situations

Secreted by: Adrenal Medulla

22
Q

What is the function of Estrogen and Progesterone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: involved in regulation of the female reproductive system and female sexual characteristics

Target: uterus and mammary glands

Regulated by: cyclical rise and fall of hormone levels

Secreted by: Ovaries

23
Q

What is the function of Glucagon?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases blood glucose by stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Target: liver

Regulated by: hypoglycemia

Secreted by: Pancreas

24
Q

What is the function of Insulin?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: decreases blood glucose and increases the storage of fat, protein, and carbohydrates

Target: all body systems

Regulated by: hyperglycemia

Secreted by: Pancreas

25
Q

What is the function of Parathormone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases blood calcium

Target: bone, kidney, and intestinal mucosa

Regulated by: hypocalcemia

Secreted by: Parathyroid Glands

26
Q

What is the function of Testosterone?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: involved in the process of spermatogenesis and male sexual characteristics

Target: pituitary gland

Regulated by: pituitary release of LH

Secreted by: Testes

27
Q

What is the function of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: involved with normal development; increases cellular level metabolism

Target: all tissues

Regulated by: thyroid stimulating hormone

Secreted by: thyroid

28
Q

What is the function of Calcitonin?

Where does this hormone primarily target?
What regulates the secretion of this hormone?
What gland secretes this hormone?

A

Function: increases calcium storage in bone; decreases blood calcium levels

Target: plasma

Regulated by: hypercalcemia

Secreted by: thyroid

29
Q

What hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus?

A 
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Prolactin-Releasing Hormone
Prolactin-Inhibitory Hormone; dopamine
30
Q

What Hormones are secreted by the Pituitary Gland?

A 
Growth Hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
prolactin
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone
31
Q

Stimulation to the posterior pituitary gland results in the secretion of which two hormones?

A

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Other Systems NPTE (26 decks)

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