GI System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Gastritis?

What are the two main types?

What are the Signs and Symptoms of each?

A

an inflammation of the gastric mucosa or inner layer of the stomach with symptoms similar to GERD but with higher intensity

Two Types are Erosive and Non-Erosive

Erosive (acute gastritis) SxS include dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis but can be asymptomatic at times

Non-Erosive (chronic type B gastritis) is usually asymptomatic unless the gastritis progresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of Gastritis is commonly related to an H. pylori infection?

A

Chronic Type B gastritis (non-erosive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?

A

the result of an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter that allows reflux of gastric contents and is estimated to occur in 20-30% of adults

SxS include heartburn, regurgitation of gastric contents, belching, chest pain, hoarseness, and coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Peptic Ulcer Disease?

What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?

What can commonly cause this disease?

A

a condition where there is a disruption or erosion in the GI mucosa and there is an imbalance between the protective mechanisms of the stomach and the secretion of acids within the stomach

SxS are dependent on location and severity of ulceration but can include epigastric pain, burning or heartburn, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, bloody stool, and pain comes in waves that may be exacerbated with eating

Commonly caused by H. Pylori infection or NSAID chronic use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Malabsorption Syndrome?

What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?

A

a condition characterized by a group of pathologies where there is reduced intestinal absorption and inadequate nutrition. Celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic carcinoma, AIDS, Crohn’s, and Addison’s all may present with this condition

SxS differ from patient to patient and with which diseases are present but primary symptoms include weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and anemia but can also include bloating fatigue, abdominal cramps, bone pain and excessive gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?

A

consists of recurrent symptoms of the upper and lower GI system that interfere with the normal function of the colon

SxS can include abdominal pain, bloating or distention of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, changes in form and frequency of stool, and passing of mucus in the stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Diverticulitis?

What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?

A

a condition of having inflamed or infected diverticula which occurs in 20-25% of patients with diverticulosis which is the condition of having diverticula which are pouch like protrusions occurring in the colon

Approximately 80% of people with diverticulitis are asymptomatic but those with SxS can experience abdominal pain, tenderness over the left side of the lower abdomen, cramping, constipation or diarrhea, nausea, fever, chills, and vomiting can also occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Hepatitis?

What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?

A

an inflammatory process with the liver, viral hepatitis is classified as A, B, C, D, E, or G )A, B, and C are most common)

SxS include fever, flu symptoms, abrupt onset of fatigue, anorexia, headache, jaundice, darkened urine, lighter stool, enlarged spleen and liver, and intermittent pruritus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of Hepatitis A?

A
  • caused by close personal contact with someone with the condition or oral-fecal route via contaminated food/water
  • does not progress to chronic disease or cirrhosis of liver
  • patient usually get better in 6-10 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of Hepatitis B?

A
  • occurs from the sharing of needles, intercourse with infected person, or exposure to infected blood, semen, or maternal-fetal exposure
  • often asymptomatic
  • 10% progress to chronic disease
  • treated with HBIG or interferon alfa-2b
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of Hepatitis C?

A
  • one of the primary etiologies for chronic liver disease and eventual liver failure
  • occurs from the sharing of needles, intercourse with infected person, or exposure to infected blood, semen, or maternal-fetal exposure
  • often asymptomatic
  • treated with interferon alfa-2b but only a small amount will benefit from this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Cirrhosis of the Liver?

What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?

A

a condition where the healthy tissue of the liver is replaced with scar tissue that blocks the flow of blood through the organ and prevents the liver from properly functioning

SxS include fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, weakness, abdominal pain, spider angiomas, and weight loss

can also commonly cause immune system dysfunction, encephalopathy, and liver cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis?

What are the common signs and symptoms for these condition?

A

Refers to the inflammation of the gallbladder that may be chronic or acute commonly due to gallstones in the cystic duct

Many times it is asymptomatic but the most common symptoms is right upper quadrant pain and if gallstones become lodged in cystic duct symptoms may become more severe and widespread including rebound pain

can cause jaundice, fever, nausea, anorexia, and abdominal rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly