Pharmacology of the Eye Flashcards
The most anterior portion of the uvea is the
Iris
Contains muscles that regulate the diameter of the pupil
Iris
What are two muscarinic receptor antagonists?
Atropine and Scopolamine
The prototype tertiary amine found in atropa belladonna
Atropine
Closely related to atropine
-Formulated as a transdermal patch for motion sickness
Scopolamine
Atropine and scopolamine are both well absorbed from the
Gut and conjunctiva
Has the pharmacological effects of dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, hot as hell, red as a beet, and full as a flask
Atropine and scopolamine
A tertiary amine with a much shorter duration than atropine
Tropicamide
Atropine’s long half-life in the eye is useful for therapy of
Amblyopia
In addition to controlling lens shape, the Ciliary body produces
Aqueous humor
Aqueous humor secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body flows through the anterior chamber and exits via the
Canal of Schlemm
Secretion of aqueous humor is controlled by
B-receptors
Contraction of the ciliary muscle, under muscarinic receptor control, puts tension on the trabecular network to facilitate
Outflow
Characterized by increased pressure in the anterior chamber
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is usually attributed to partially obstructed
Aqueous humor outflow
The treatment goal for glaucoma is to reduce IOP to prevent progressive
Glaucomatous optic nerve damage
Reduce production of AH to lower IOP
Beta-Blockers
Facilitate outflow of AH to reduce IOP
Muscarinic agonists or cholinesterase inhibitors
Lacrimal drainage goes to the
Nose
Lacrimal drainage goes to the nose, lined by
Highly mucosal epithelium
Drugs applied to the eye may have access to systemic circulation via
Nasal absorption
