Limbic System 2

Question 1

CA1 Hippocampal neurons exhibit

Answer 1

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Question 2

After receiving repeated inputs, they respond more to those inputs. (EPSPs get bigger)

Answer 2

Long-term potentiation of CA1 hippocampal neurons

Question 3

The concept that neurons that fire together, wire together

Answer 3

Hebbian synapse

Question 4

In LTP, glutamate binds with AMPA and NMDA receptors to open

Answer 4

Ca2+ channels

Question 5

A 2nd messenger that signals the nucleus to produce more

Answer 5

AMPA receptors

Question 6

Cells then become more responsive to

Answer 6

Subsequent excitation

Question 7

The experimental support for this LTP model is that there is no LTP or learning in the presence of

Answer 7

NMDA agonists

Question 8

Dendritic spine changes are associated with hippocampal

Answer 8

Long-term synaptic plasticity

Question 9

New dendritic spines are observed within one hour of

Answer 9

LTP induction

Question 10

In the dentate gyrus, blocking neurogenesis can block

Answer 10

Spatial learning

Question 11

Neurogenesis is increased with

Answer 11

Exercise

Question 12

Stimulates proliferation of progenitor cells, and enhances survival

Answer 12

LTP

Question 13

A cue in the environment causes medial temporal lobe activation which causes activation of associated cortical areas

Answer 13

Memory retrieval

Question 14

Hippocampal neurons participate in

Answer 14

Memory retrieval

Question 15

Memory retrieval is also called

Answer 15

Reconsolidation

Question 16

Suggestibility, bias, and flash-bulb memories that occur under situations of severe stress, surprise or importance

Answer 16

Memory retrieval (reconsolidation)

Question 17

Natural tendency for all people to “fill in” missing pieces of experience with what they can infer or what they know

Answer 17

Confabulation

Question 18

Seen with some memory disorders

-such as in the patient with bilateral temporal lobe removal

Answer 18

Confabulation

Question 19

Removes confusion in our thought processes

Answer 19

Forgetting

Question 20

Involves the prefrontal cortex inhibition of the hippocampus retrieval systems

Answer 20

Voluntary Forgetting

Question 21

Highly superior autobiographical memory

Answer 21

Hyperthymesia

Question 22

Increased grey matter in basal ganglia and increased white matter in the temporal lobe is characteristic of

Answer 22

Hyperthymesia

Question 23

Tend to have some obsessive-compulsive tendencies, like organizing their thoughts

Answer 23

Patients with Hyperthymesia

Question 24

Characterized by forgetfulness, anterograe and retrograde amnesia, and cognitive impairment

Answer 24

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 25

With Alzheimer’s disease, we see degeneration of the

Answer 25

Hippocampal and parahippocampal neurons

Question 26

With Alzheimer’s disease, we also see loss of cholinergic cells in the

Answer 26

Basal forebrain nuclei (which project to cerebral cortex)

Question 27

What are the three major acute signs of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

Answer 27

Ataxia, Nystagmus, and Confusion (The Wernicke part)

Question 28

Wernicke-Korsakoff affects the

Answer 28

Inferior Olive and Diencephalon

Question 29

Wernike symptoms progress to learning and memory problems, which are the

Answer 29

Korsakoff components

Question 30

Damage is to the mammillary bodies and the medial nuclei of the thalamus

Answer 30

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 31

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is caused by

Answer 31

Chronic alcoholism and malnutrition (esp B1 deficiency)

Question 32

With Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, we see anterograde and retrograde memory losses and confabulation with

Answer 32

Anosognosia (lack of realization)

Question 33

The retrograde amnesia seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff is most likely due to damage to the

Answer 33

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 34

Herpes virus in the DRG of CNs that in rare circumstances can move in the direction of the brain

Answer 34

Herpes Encephalitis