Hypothalamus Flashcards
Bilateral VMH lesions leads to
Voracious appetite (and rage)
Bilateral LHA lesions leads to
Loss of appetite
Increases appetite
-Appetite center
Lateral Hypothalamus
Lateral hypothalamus lesions cause
Weight loss
Inhibits appetite
-Satiety center
Ventromedial nucleus
Lesions to the ventromedial nucleus cause
Increased food intake and obesity
In response to increased temperature. The hypothalamus causes autonomic responses that result in
Parasympathetic vasodilation
In response to increased temperature, the pituitary gland does what?
Slows down metabolism and decreases TSH
Which portion of the hypothalamus is the heat detector?
Anteriro hypothalamus
The heat loss center. Responsible for vasodilation, sweating, and decreased metabolism
Preoptic nucleus
Lesions to the preoptic nucleus cause
Hyperthermia
The heat gain center. Responsible for vasoconstriction, shivering, goosebumps, and increased metabolism
Posterior nucleus
Lesions to the posterior nucleus cause?
-Body temp varies with environment
Poikilothermy
Cells have a 24 hour cycle and project to pineal gland to control melatonin release
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nucleus receives direct
Retinal Input
The sleep production center: promotes sleep
Anterior hypothalamus
The waking center
Posterolateral nucleus
The posterolateral nucleus in the posterior region releases
Histamine
What are the 6 hormones released from the anterior pituitary?
GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and Prolactin
Which two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?
ADH and Oxytocin
Secrete inhibitory and releasing hormones that are carried to the anterior pituitary
Parvocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus
Which region of the hypothalamus are the parvocellular neurosecretory cells located in?
Periventricular region (Arcuate and tuberal nuclei)
Damage to the hypothalamus causes decreased secretion of most of the
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Which cells of the hypothalamus control the posterior pituitary?
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
Damage to the paraventricular and/or supraoptic nuclei can cause
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Characterized by increased urination and increased thirst
DI
What are the three main causes of hypothalamic disease?
Aneurysms, Tumors (pituitary), and Head Trauma
What are the 4 major fiber tracts in the hypothalamus?
- ) Fornix
- ) Stria Terminalis
- ) Mammillothalamic tract
- ) Medial Forebrain bundle
