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S1 First aid > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

bioavailability

A

fraction of drug reaching the circulation unchanged IV=100%

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2
Q

Clearance

A

volume of cleared of drug per unit time

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3
Q

half life

A

the time used to change the amount of drug in the body in 1/2 duration time

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4
Q

additive

A

the sum of drug A and B is the same as their individual effects
Apirin and acetaminophen

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5
Q

permissive

A

presence of substance A is required to attain full of B

cortisol and catecholamine

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6
Q

synergystic

A

effect of substance A and substance B together is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
clopedogrel and aspirin

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7
Q

tachyphylatic

A

acute decrease in response to a drug after initiation

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8
Q

competitive antagonist

A

decrease potency, no change in efficacy

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9
Q

noncompetitive antagonist

A

decrease in pot. and efficacy. cannot be overcome by antagonist

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10
Q

partial agonist (alone)

A

decrease potency and efficacy, act on the same site as the full agonist

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11
Q

zero order elimination

A

rate of elimination is constant, ie constand amount of drug elimination, PEA is round:
Phenythoin, Ethanol, Aspirin

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12
Q

first order elimination

A

rate of elimination is directly proportional to drug concentration, constant fraction of elimination per unit time, most drugs

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13
Q

explain ph and drug elimination

A

ionized species are trapped in urine and cleared quickly. neutral species are reabsorbed.

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14
Q

weak acids

A

eg: phenobarbital, methotrxate, aspirin. trapped in basic enviroment. Treat overdose with sodium bacarbonate to alkalinize urine.

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15
Q

weak basis

A

eg: TCAs, amphetamines. Trapped inacidic eviroments. Treat overdose with ammonium chloride to acidify urine.

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16
Q

Phase 1

A

Reduction, Oxidation, Hydrolysis with cytochrome P450.

R-OH

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17
Q

Phase2

A

Conjugation (Methylation, Glucuronidation, Acetylation, Sulfation)
2 (too) Much GAS

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18
Q

efficacy

A

max. drug effect a drug can prodce

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19
Q

potency

A

amount of drug needed for a given effect

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20
Q

bethanechol

A

Colinomimetic , bladder smooth muscle activation, resistant to AChE; Used in urinary retention

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21
Q

Carbachol

A

Colinomimetic, carbon copy of acetylchloine, used in glaucoma

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22
Q

metacholine

A

Colinomimetic, stim. muscarinic resep.

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23
Q

pilocarpine

A

Colinomimetic, contracts ciliary muscle, use glacoma

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24
Q

what drugs are used in Alzheimer disease

A

anticholinesterase, Dona Riva, dance at a Gala

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25
Q

pyridostigmine

A

anticholinesterase, increases ACh and muscle strength, used in myastenia gravis

26
Q

phenoxybezamine

A

irrev. alpha blocker, Pheochromocytoma

27
Q

phentolamine

A

reversibel alpha blocker, given MAOI +tyramine consumption

28
Q

which are the alpha 1 selctive drugs

A

-zosin, for BPH, PTSD-prazozsin, hypertension-tamsolusin

29
Q

Mirtazapine is?

A

alpha 2 selective drug, Depression

30
Q

Timolol

A

is a beta blocker used for glaucoma

31
Q

which beta blockers are used in heart failure?

A

biso, carve, metoprelol

32
Q

Which beta blocker is used in thyroid storm?

A

propanelol

33
Q

What beta blocker is used in SVT?

A

metoprolol, esmolol

34
Q

which beta blocker is used in variceal bleeding

A

nadolol,propanolol, carvidilol

35
Q

Which beta blocker are b1-selctive?

A

A-M, beta 1 more than beta2, acebutolol, atenelol, betaxolol, esmlol, metroprolol

36
Q

nonselective

A

NonZelective go from N-Z (beta2 with the secon half of the alphabet) beta1=beta2 nadelol, pindalol, timolol

37
Q

nonselective alpha and beta blockers

A

carvedilol, labetalol, modified suffix, -olol

38
Q

nevilol combines cardic -selective?

A

beta1, beta3: NO

39
Q

acetaminophen antidote

A

n-acetylcysteine—replenishes glutathione

40
Q

AChE inhibiters, organophosphates antidote

A

Atropine >palidoxime

41
Q

Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents antidote

A

Physostigmine, control hyperthermia

42
Q

arsenic antidote

A

dimercaprol, succiner

43
Q

bezodiazepines antidote

A

flumazenil

44
Q

beta-blockers antidote

A

atropine, glucagon, saline

45
Q

carbon monoxide antidote

A

100% 02, hyperbaric 02

46
Q

copper antidote

A

penny cillamine (pinicillamine), trientine (3 copper penny)

47
Q

Cyanide antidote

A

nitride+thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

48
Q

digitalis (digoxin) antidote

A

digoxin-specific antibody fragments

49
Q

therapeudic index is?

A

the measure a drugs safety

50
Q

Iron antidote

A

deFERoxamine

51
Q

lead antidote

A

calcium disodium EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

52
Q

Mercury antidote

A

dimercaprol, succiMER

53
Q

methanol, ethylene glycol antidote

A

Fomepizole> ethanol, dialysis

54
Q

methemoglobin antidote

A

Methylene blue, vitamin C

55
Q

Salicylates antidote

A

NaHCO3, dialysis

56
Q

TCAs antidote

A

NaHCO3

57
Q

cytochrome p450 interaction inducer

A

Modafinil, chronic alcohol use, st. johns worth, phenytoin, phenobabital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazapin

58
Q

cytochrome p450 interaction substrates

A

warferin, anti-epileptics, theophylline, OCPs

59
Q

cytochrome p450 interaction inhibitors

A

sodium valproate, isoniazid, cimetidine, ketoconazol, fluconazol, acute alcohol abuse, chloramphenicol, erythromycin/clarithromycin, sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin, omeprazole, metronidazole, amiodarone, grapefuit juice

60
Q

sulfa drugs are

A

sulfonamide, sulfasalazine, probenecid, furo, acetazolamide, celecoxid, thiazides, suflfonylureas

S1 First aid (20 decks)

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