micro Flashcards
conjugation
fucking, sexpillus.
flacking chromosomal genes
transformation
cannibalism, adding deoxyribonuclease degrades
transduction
generalized: packaging error. lytic phage infects bacterium, leading to cleavage of the cell
specilized: excision event. lysogenic phage infects bacterium, viral DNA incorperates into bacterium
transposition
a jumping process involving a transposon. multiple drug resistance
which bacteria have similar mech. of action
diphteria and pseudomonas
disphteria mech. of action
diphteria toxin, inactivates EF-2
pseudomonas mech. of action
Exotoxin, inactivates EF-2
which mech. of action is simillar to shigella?
EHEC, shiga-like, shiga toxin (shigella) inactvates 60S ribosames by removing adenine from rRNA
Shigella mech. of action
Shiga toxin, 60S, adenine, GI mucosa damage—>dysentry, ST also enhances cytokine release, causing HUS
EHEC mech. of action
Shiga-like toxin, 60S, adenine, enhances cytokine release, causing HUS
ETEC mech. of action
HT—–> increase in cAMP,HS——> increase cGMP
B.Cerus mech. of action
ADP-Ribosylation activation Gs
B. anthracis
edema factor
Anti-HBs
means immunity. If a person has Anti-HBs without Anti-HBc means person was vaccinated
Anti-HBc
person was infected
Viral genetics:
Recombination
Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Viral genetics:
Reassortment
When viruses with segmented genomes (eg, influenza virus) exchange genetic material.——> eg H1N1 Influenza pandemic emerged due to reassortment of genes from human, swine and avian viruses—–> antigenetic swift
Viral genetics:
Complentation
When 1 and 2 viruses that infect the cell has mutated that results in a nonfunctional protein, the nonmutated virus complements the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses. For eg. HepB and HepD
Viral genetics:
Phenotypic mixing
Occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with a 2 viruses. For progeny 1, genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated with the surface protein of virus B.
Type B protein determines the tropism of the hybrid virus.
Subsequent infection progeny 1 will have type A that ecodes type A gen. material
Erlichiosis
Erlichia, vector is a tick. Monocytes with morulae, mulberry-like inclusions in cytoplasm
MEGA berry
Monocytes=Ehrlichiosis
Granulocytes=Anaplasmosis
Mycoplasma
atypical “walking pneumonia”
get cold without coat
cold agglutinanins IgM
Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis, trans: water cyst, fatty stools
Entamoeba histolytica
Amebiasis, trans: water cyst, bloody d., colonic flask shaped ulcers, liver abcess
Entamoeba tEars Erythrocytes
Crytosporidium
Sever dirrhea in AIDS, moderate in nomal, trans: water oocysts—->acid fast
Naegleri fowleri
Protozoa, trans: fresh water, swimming, enters the cribriform plate. Amoebas in the CSF
meninggoencephalitis
Amphotericin B.
Taenia solium
int. tapeworm (pork)
Cystercercosis( eggs ingested cont. feces)—–>neurocystercercosis
Diphyllobothrium latum
tapeworm: VitB.12 def. trans: ingested larvae from fresh water fish
trypo. cruzi causes?
Chagas, dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, kissing bug
Ascaris lum.
giand roundworm, obstruction of the iliocecal valve, biliary obstruction, fecal oral
Strongyloides sercoralis
Streadworm, Autoinfection to blood, lavae pentrates soil to the; rhapditiform larvae
Ancylostoma spp.
Hookworm, sucks blood in the intestine causing anemia, lavae pentrates the skin
