Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S1 First aid > Hematolgy + Onkology > Flashcards

Hematolgy + Onkology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Aculte lmphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma?

A

more in children, T-cell ALL can present as mesdiastinal mass, associated with Down syndrome, tdt, CD10+
t(12;21)

increased lymphoblasts

all-trans retinoic acid, Vit A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rbc inclusions

what is seen in sideroblastic anemia eg. lead poisoning?

A

basophilic stippling, they are ribosomal precipitates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is seen in g6pd?

A

Heinz bodies due to oxidative stress which cause hb denaturing and precipitates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can be seen in hypoplenia and aplenia?

A

basophilc nuclear remnants found in rbcs

howel-jolly bodies are removed from splenic macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can be found in megalobastic anemia?

A

impaired dna, hypersegmented neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the causes of folate deficiency?

A

malnutrition: alcohol, malabsorption, drugs: metotrxate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Multiple myeloma

What appears in MM?

A

think CRAB:

hyperCalcemia
Renal involvement
Anemia
Bone lytic lesions/ Back pain
Multiple Myeloma: Monoclonal M-protein

Monoclonal plasma cells: fried egg appearance, IgG and IgA
Clock face
Rouleaux formation

dipstick: is negative only Albumen and Bence Jones proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Burkitt lymphoma translocation

A

Burk-8 t(8;14) c-myc and BCL2 genes, stary sky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mantel cell lymphoma

A

t (11;14) cycline D1 activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Marginal zone lymphoma

A

t(11:18), associated with chron. infections eg. Sjörgen, MALT Lymphoma, CD5 very aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Follicular lymphoma

A

t(14;18) heavy chain Ig 14 BCL2 inhibits apoptosis, present with painless waxing and waning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

APL

A

t(15;17) M3 type of AML; respondsto all-trans retinoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CML

A

t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosme BCR-ABL hybrid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sideroblastic anemia

A

gen. x-linkeddefect of ALA synthase gene, aquired (myolodysblastic syndrome) and revesible (alcohol, lead, vit. b6 defiency, copper deficiency, drugs like izoniazid, linozolid
increased iron and ferritn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lead poisining

A

Ferrochelate and ALA dehydratsae def., accumulation of protoporphyrin, ALA leads to mirocytic aneamia and
ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute intermittent porhyria

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase, previously known as uroporphyrinogen 1, auto. domi., accu. of porphorbilinogen, ALA. Symptoms 5Ps: Painful abdome, Portwine couloured urine, polyneropathy, psychlogical disturbances, Precipitation by drugs

Treatment and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda

A

Uropophyrinogen decaboxylase, accu. of Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine).
Blistering due to sun

Treatment: phlebotomy, antimalrials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sideroblastic anemia (X-linked)

A

aminolevulinic acid synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Aminolevulonic acid dehydratase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Reed-Sternberg cell (owl eyes) distinc giant cells
CD 15, CD 30
2 owl eyesx 15= 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

NON Hdgen lymphoma

A

B-cells, associated with EBV, HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diffuse b-cell lymphoma

A

BCL2 and BCL6, most common lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

prim. central nervous system lymphoma

A

AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adult T-cell lymphoma

A

IV drug abuse, T-cell for Tokyo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CLL

A

60> CLL= crushed little lymphocytes= smudge cell, most common CD20, CD23, CD5+ B-cell neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hairy cell leukemia

A

adult males, mature b-cells. cells with hairlike projection. Marrow fibrosis= dry tap. Stains Trap: tartate-resitant acid phosphate

TRAP-ped in Hairy situation

treament: clabdribine, pentostatin

27
Q

AML

A

65>, Auer rods, myoloperoxidase, cytoplasmic inclusions

28
Q

CML

A

45> 9:22 Philadelphia BCR-ABL, low LAP, responds to thyrosine kinese inhibitors

29
Q

Heparin

A

activation of antithrombin which activates IIa and factor Xa, follow PTT

30
Q

direct thrombin inhitors are? mech of action?

A

BAD, Bivalirudin, Argatroban, Dabigatran

inhitis thrombin

31
Q

Thrombolytics

A

(tPA) Alteplase, streptokinase

direct and indtrect aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, increase in PT and PTT

32
Q

ADP rectoptor inhibitores,

A

irri. blocks ADP receptor and prevent glycoprotein IIb/llIa on platelets
Clopidogrel, ticagrelor

33
Q

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor

A

Abximab (monoclonal ab Fab fragment), binds glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on the activated platelets, preventing aggregation

34
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

TTP:inhibition or deficiency of ADAMT13 (a vWF metalloprotease) increased platelet adhesion and aggregation——> microthrombi

Presentation: triad -thrombocytopinia, microangiopathic hemolytic aneamia, acute kidney injury

+fever and neurologic symptoms

Labs: platelet count is low, schitocytes, normal PT/PTT

35
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

HUS: commonly caused by shiga-like toxin from EHEC. atypical is caused by caused by complement gene mutation

Presentation: triad -thrombocytopinia, microangiopathic hemolytic aneamia, acute kidney injury

+bloody diarrhea

Labs: platelet count is low, schitocytes, normal PT/PTT

DIC

36
Q

Hydroxyurea mech?

A

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

37
Q

Bleomycin mech?

A

DNA breakage, SE: pulmonary fribosis, USE: Hodgkin lymphoma

38
Q

Dactimycin, doxyrubicin mech?

A

DNA intercalators

39
Q

Etoposide mech?

A

topomerase II

40
Q

Irotecan mech?

A

topmerase I

41
Q

Paclitaxil mech? and other drugs

A

hyperstabilized microtubule, inhibit microtubles Vinblastin (blasts the bone marrow), Vincristine (crisps the nerves)

42
Q

Cisplatin mech?

A

platinum agent, cell cycle independent, nephrotoxic

43
Q

Cladribine

A

Purine analogon, inhibition of DNA polymerase, USE: Hairy cell leukemia

44
Q

Cystarabine

A

Pyrimidine analog, inhibits DNA polymerase, USE: leukemias

45
Q

Busulfan

A

Cross-linked DNA, USE: before bone marrow tranplant

46
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Cross-linked DNA at guanine, USE: leukemias

47
Q

BeVacizumab

A

M. ab aginast VEGF, inhibits angiogenisis. BV for blood vessels. USE: Solid Tumor eg colorectal

48
Q

Erlotinib -inib

A

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhib. USE: NON-small cell cancer

49
Q

Myelofibrosis

A

Obliteration of bone marrow with fibrosis, teardrop RBCs, bonemarrow is crying

50
Q

Transferrin

Ferritin

A

Transferrin: tranport
Ferritin: storage

51
Q

Target cells

A

HALT, said the hunter to his target HbC, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia

52
Q

Anemia in chronic disease

A

IL6 increased, hepcidin increased

53
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

failure or destruction of hematopoeitic stem cells eg Radiation, Drugs . Dry bone tap (Fatt in the bone marrow)
reticolos low, EPO increased

54
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Warm IgG- chronic seen in SLE and CLL

Cold IGM- acute seen in CLL, Mycoplasma and Mononucl. direct and indirect combs

55
Q

Microangiopathic anemia

A

HUS etc

56
Q

Macroangiopatic anemia

A

Heart valve and aortic stenosis

57
Q

Infectios anemia

A

Babesia and other infec. destr. of Rbcs

58
Q

antithrobin deficiency

A

inherited defi. no effect on PT PTT

59
Q

Factor V Leiden

A

mutation of factor V (guanin—>adenin DNA point mutation, degradation of protein C

inher. hypercuagulability, DVT, pregnancy loss

60
Q

Protein C or S defiency

A

decreased ability to inactvated factors Va and VIIIa, skin necrosis for warfarin. Together C= Cancels and S=Stops coagulation

61
Q

immune throbocytopenia

A

destruc. of platelets in spleen. anti gbIIb/IIIa ab eg autoim. SLE, viral HIV and malignant CLL.

increased megakariocytes

62
Q

Gaucher disease

A

beta-glucocerebrosidase, histocyses wrinkeled toilet paper

63
Q

PT, PTT, INR, Bleeding time

A

PT: 11-13,5s PTT:25-35 INR:1,1 (2-3 terapeudic range)

S1 First aid (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions