Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

S1 First aid > Hematolgy + Onkology > Flashcards

Hematolgy + Onkology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Aculte lmphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma?

A

more in children, T-cell ALL can present as mesdiastinal mass, associated with Down syndrome, tdt, CD10+
t(12;21)

increased lymphoblasts

all-trans retinoic acid, Vit A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rbc inclusions

what is seen in sideroblastic anemia eg. lead poisoning?

A

basophilic stippling, they are ribosomal precipitates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is seen in g6pd?

A

Heinz bodies due to oxidative stress which cause hb denaturing and precipitates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can be seen in hypoplenia and aplenia?

A

basophilc nuclear remnants found in rbcs

howel-jolly bodies are removed from splenic macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can be found in megalobastic anemia?

A

impaired dna, hypersegmented neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the causes of folate deficiency?

A

malnutrition: alcohol, malabsorption, drugs: metotrxate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Multiple myeloma

What appears in MM?

A

think CRAB:

hyperCalcemia
Renal involvement
Anemia
Bone lytic lesions/ Back pain
Multiple Myeloma: Monoclonal M-protein

Monoclonal plasma cells: fried egg appearance, IgG and IgA
Clock face
Rouleaux formation

dipstick: is negative only Albumen and Bence Jones proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Burkitt lymphoma translocation

A

Burk-8 t(8;14) c-myc and BCL2 genes, stary sky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mantel cell lymphoma

A

t (11;14) cycline D1 activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Marginal zone lymphoma

A

t(11:18), associated with chron. infections eg. Sjörgen, MALT Lymphoma, CD5 very aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Follicular lymphoma

A

t(14;18) heavy chain Ig 14 BCL2 inhibits apoptosis, present with painless waxing and waning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

APL

A

t(15;17) M3 type of AML; respondsto all-trans retinoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CML

A

t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosme BCR-ABL hybrid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sideroblastic anemia

A

gen. x-linkeddefect of ALA synthase gene, aquired (myolodysblastic syndrome) and revesible (alcohol, lead, vit. b6 defiency, copper deficiency, drugs like izoniazid, linozolid
increased iron and ferritn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lead poisining

A

Ferrochelate and ALA dehydratsae def., accumulation of protoporphyrin, ALA leads to mirocytic aneamia and
ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute intermittent porhyria

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase, previously known as uroporphyrinogen 1, auto. domi., accu. of porphorbilinogen, ALA. Symptoms 5Ps: Painful abdome, Portwine couloured urine, polyneropathy, psychlogical disturbances, Precipitation by drugs

Treatment and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda

A

Uropophyrinogen decaboxylase, accu. of Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine).
Blistering due to sun

Treatment: phlebotomy, antimalrials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sideroblastic anemia (X-linked)

A

aminolevulinic acid synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Aminolevulonic acid dehydratase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Reed-Sternberg cell (owl eyes) distinc giant cells
CD 15, CD 30
2 owl eyesx 15= 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

NON Hdgen lymphoma

A

B-cells, associated with EBV, HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diffuse b-cell lymphoma

A

BCL2 and BCL6, most common lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

prim. central nervous system lymphoma

A

AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adult T-cell lymphoma

A

IV drug abuse, T-cell for Tokyo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
CLL
60> CLL= crushed little lymphocytes= smudge cell, most common CD20, CD23, CD5+ B-cell neoplasm
26
Hairy cell leukemia
adult males, mature b-cells. cells with hairlike projection. Marrow fibrosis= dry tap. Stains Trap: tartate-resitant acid phosphate TRAP-ped in Hairy situation treament: clabdribine, pentostatin
27
AML
65>, Auer rods, myoloperoxidase, cytoplasmic inclusions
28
CML
45> 9:22 Philadelphia BCR-ABL, low LAP, responds to thyrosine kinese inhibitors
29
Heparin
activation of antithrombin which activates IIa and factor Xa, follow PTT
30
direct thrombin inhitors are? mech of action?
BAD, Bivalirudin, Argatroban, Dabigatran | inhitis thrombin
31
Thrombolytics
(tPA) Alteplase, streptokinase | direct and indtrect aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, increase in PT and PTT
32
ADP rectoptor inhibitores,
irri. blocks ADP receptor and prevent glycoprotein IIb/llIa on platelets Clopidogrel, ticagrelor
33
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor
Abximab (monoclonal ab Fab fragment), binds glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on the activated platelets, preventing aggregation
34
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TTP:inhibition or deficiency of ADAMT13 (a vWF metalloprotease) increased platelet adhesion and aggregation------> microthrombi Presentation: triad -thrombocytopinia, microangiopathic hemolytic aneamia, acute kidney injury +fever and neurologic symptoms Labs: platelet count is low, schitocytes, normal PT/PTT
35
hemolytic uremic syndrome
HUS: commonly caused by shiga-like toxin from EHEC. atypical is caused by caused by complement gene mutation Presentation: triad -thrombocytopinia, microangiopathic hemolytic aneamia, acute kidney injury +bloody diarrhea Labs: platelet count is low, schitocytes, normal PT/PTT DIC
36
Hydroxyurea mech?
inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
37
Bleomycin mech?
DNA breakage, SE: pulmonary fribosis, USE: Hodgkin lymphoma
38
Dactimycin, doxyrubicin mech?
DNA intercalators
39
Etoposide mech?
topomerase II
40
Irotecan mech?
topmerase I
41
Paclitaxil mech? and other drugs
hyperstabilized microtubule, inhibit microtubles Vinblastin (blasts the bone marrow), Vincristine (crisps the nerves)
42
Cisplatin mech?
platinum agent, cell cycle independent, nephrotoxic
43
Cladribine
Purine analogon, inhibition of DNA polymerase, USE: Hairy cell leukemia
44
Cystarabine
Pyrimidine analog, inhibits DNA polymerase, USE: leukemias
45
Busulfan
Cross-linked DNA, USE: before bone marrow tranplant
46
Cyclophosphamide
Cross-linked DNA at guanine, USE: leukemias
47
BeVacizumab
M. ab aginast VEGF, inhibits angiogenisis. BV for blood vessels. USE: Solid Tumor eg colorectal
48
Erlotinib -inib
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhib. USE: NON-small cell cancer
49
Myelofibrosis
Obliteration of bone marrow with fibrosis, teardrop RBCs, bonemarrow is crying
50
Transferrin | Ferritin
Transferrin: tranport Ferritin: storage
51
Target cells
HALT, said the hunter to his target HbC, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia
52
Anemia in chronic disease
IL6 increased, hepcidin increased
53
Aplastic anemia
failure or destruction of hematopoeitic stem cells eg Radiation, Drugs . Dry bone tap (Fatt in the bone marrow) reticolos low, EPO increased
54
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Warm IgG- chronic seen in SLE and CLL | Cold IGM- acute seen in CLL, Mycoplasma and Mononucl. direct and indirect combs
55
Microangiopathic anemia
HUS etc
56
Macroangiopatic anemia
Heart valve and aortic stenosis
57
Infectios anemia
Babesia and other infec. destr. of Rbcs
58
antithrobin deficiency
inherited defi. no effect on PT PTT
59
Factor V Leiden
mutation of factor V (guanin--->adenin DNA point mutation, degradation of protein C inher. hypercuagulability, DVT, pregnancy loss
60
Protein C or S defiency
decreased ability to inactvated factors Va and VIIIa, skin necrosis for warfarin. Together C= Cancels and S=Stops coagulation
61
immune throbocytopenia
destruc. of platelets in spleen. anti gbIIb/IIIa ab eg autoim. SLE, viral HIV and malignant CLL. increased megakariocytes
62
Gaucher disease
beta-glucocerebrosidase, histocyses wrinkeled toilet paper
63
PT, PTT, INR, Bleeding time
PT: 11-13,5s PTT:25-35 INR:1,1 (2-3 terapeudic range)

S1 First aid (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions