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S1 First aid > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Linagstiptin, sitagliptin, -liptin

A

inhibit DPP4 enzyme tha tdeactivates GLP1, decreases glucagon release, uninary infection

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2
Q

Glitazones -zone

A

Activates PPAR-gamma, increases insulin sensitivity

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3
Q

Canagliflozin -flozin

A

SGLT2, blocks the reabsorption of glucose int the PCT, glucosuria, UTI, weight loss

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4
Q

miglitol, acarbose

A

inhits brush -border alpha-glucosidases, GI upset

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5
Q

chlorpromide, glimepiride -ide

A

sulfonylureas, close K+-channel in pancreatic beta cell—-> the insuline release (ca+), hyoglycemia and weight loss

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6
Q

Metformin

A

inhibit gluneogenisis and action of glucagon, lact. acidosid, GI, B12, weight loss

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7
Q

Rapid acting insulin

A

1 hr Lispro, Aspart

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8
Q

short acting

A

2-3 hrs, regular

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9
Q

intermediate acting

A

4-10hrs: NPH

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10
Q

Long acting

A

no peak: determine, glargine

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11
Q

PTU, methimazol

A

block thyroid peroxidase, inhibit oxidation of 5’deiodinase

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12
Q

MEN1

A

3 P’s Pituitory t. (prolactinoma), Panreas t. (Zollinger, insuloas, Vipoma, Glucanomas) parathyriod adenomas

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13
Q

Men 2A

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia: medullary thyroid carcinoma

Pheochromocytoma RET

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14
Q

Men 2b

A

Pheochromocytoma RET

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15
Q

Type diabetes is associated with?

A

HLA-DR4 and DR3 (4-3=1)

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16
Q

acromegali

A

GH increased, increased IGF-1 in the liver, octreotide

17
Q

hypopituitarism

A

Sheehan: symptoms failure to lactate, absense of metruation, cold intalerance

emty sella s. : compression of the petuitotary, obese, intracranial bleading

pituitary poplexy: sudden hemorrhage -symp: bil. hemianopsia

treatment: replacement—corticosteroids

18
Q

CAH

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

in deficiency in 17, 21 and 11

19
Q

17 aplha hydroxylase def.

A

no cortisol, no cortisol causes increase in ACTH,

cortisol is low in all deficiencies, 17, 21, 11

20
Q

17 alpha hydroxylase def. leads too?

A

lack of androgens
males may have genotypically normal female genitalia

increased ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), decreseased androstenedion, low K+

Presents wit XY: abiguous genitalia, undescensed testes XX: lacks 2° sexual development

21
Q

21 hydroxylase

A

increased androgens, males may look phenotypically norlmal

decreased ACTH, increased renin activity, increased 17 hydroxyprogesteron, high K+

Presentation: in infancy (salt wasting) or childhood ( in precocious puperty)

XX: virilization

22
Q

11 beta-hydroxylase

A

increased androgens, but decreased ACTH (mineral corticoids), decreased renin activity, low K+

XX: virilization

23
Q

alpha 5 -reductase

A

decreased conversion of dyhydrotestesteron to testosteron. leads to ambigious genitalia at birth

24
Q

Which cells produce Cacitonin?

A

C for Cells are derived from endoderm, calcitonin increases calium

25
Q

The 3 Zone of the Adrenal gland and hormone?

A

G.F.R

Glomerulosa= (SALT)Mineralcorticoid: Aldosteron

Fasciculata=(Sugar)Glucocorticoids:Cotisol

Reticularis= (Sex) Androgen: DHEA

26
Q

Anterior pituitory

A

A for Adenohypophysis: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin

derivative: ectoderm rathke pouch

27
Q

Posterior pituitory

A

neurohypophysis: ADH, oxytoxin (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei) derivative of neuroectoderm

28
Q

Glut1

A

RBS

29
Q

GLUT2

A

2 for bidrectional beta-islet, GI

30
Q

Glut3

A

brain

31
Q

Glut4

A

adipose tissue

32
Q

SGLT1/SGLT2

A

Na+-glucose transport of the kidney and intestine

33
Q

what decreases inhibits prolaction secretion?

A

dopamine

34
Q

what increases prolactin secretion?

A

TRH and GnRH

35
Q

crushings syndome

A

increased cortisol levels

exogeneous corticosteroids decreased ACTH—–> adrenal athrophy

ACTH secreting adenoma= cushings disease

Screening: increased free cortisol on 24 hr urinalysis, dexamethasone supression test

36
Q

Nelson sydrome

A

Removal of the feedback mech. after bil. andrelectomy for refractory cushings disease—->enlarged acth sec. pituitary adenoma. Symp: bil. hymianopsia, headages, hyperpigmentation

37
Q

adrenal insuff.

A

inability of the adrenal gland to generalte enough glucorticoids or mineralcort.

symp: fatigue, arth. hypotension, muscle aches, weakness, weight loss, salt/sugar cravings

38
Q

primary adrenal insuff.

A

Def. in aldosteron and cortisol—–> hypokalimia, met acidosis, hyperpimentation

Acute: hemorrhage

Chronic: Addisons: autoimmune d. causing distruction of the adrenal gland/ atrophy, other casue is TB

S1 First aid (20 decks)

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