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S1 First aid > antibiotics > Flashcards

antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin mech. of action?

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog, binds p-binding proteins (transpeptidase), blocks transpeptidase cross-licking of petidoglycan.
Use: gram+: S. pyogenes, S. pneumo, spirochetes, N. meningitidis

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2
Q

penicillinase sensitive penicillins are? mech. of action?

A

Amoxillin, ampicillin, aminopenicillins, same mech. as penicillin. calvulanic acid is added to protect against betalactamase. USE for HHELPSS
H flu, H pylori, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella

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3
Q

penicillinase resistant penicillins are? mech. of action?

A

dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin. Use naf for staph

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4
Q

antipseudomonal? mech. of action?

A

piperacillin, ticarcillin, same as penicillin

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5
Q

aminoglycosides mech. of action?

A

genta-, neo-, amica-,tobra-,strepmycin, 30S, bacteriocidal, only gram -

Means caNNOT kill aerobs:

Nephro-,Neuro-,Ototoxic, Teratogenic

OTOTOXIC

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6
Q

tetracyclines mech. of action?

A

tetra, doxy, minocycline, 30S, prevent attachment to tRNA, bacteriostatic USE: borrelia burg, m. pneumo, rickettsia, chlamydia

TEETH DISCOLO. INHI. BONE GROWTH

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7
Q

Cephalosporins

A

beta-lactam drugs that inhibit the CELL WALL synthesis less susceptible to penilinases. Bacteriacidal. Not covered by LAME: Listeria, Atypicals( Chlamydia, Mycoplasma), MRSA, and Enterococci.

1rst gen. covers gram+ PEcK: Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella
Cefazolin, Cephalexin

2nd gen. (cefaclor, cefoxin, cefuroxime, cetotetan) gram+

2nd graders wear fake fox fur to tea parties

2nd gen. -HENS PEcK:

H.flu, Entero, Neisseria spp, Serratia,
Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella

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8
Q

beta lactam inhibitors

A

CAST: Clavulanic acid, Avibactam, Sulbactam, Tazo

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9
Q

Carbapenems

A

DIME: Dori-, Imi-, Mero-, Erta- life threatening situations
Bread spectrum, Beta-lactamase resistant carbapenem. given with cilastin (ihibits the renal dehydropeptidase 1)

the kill is lasting with cilastin

Use gram+ and - rods

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10
Q

Vanco

A

Inhibits cell wall peptidoglacan formation of D-Ala-D-Ala portion, mostly Bactericidal

Use: Gram+, MRSA, S. Epi, Enterococcos, Clostridium Difficile

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11
Q

nemonic for 30s and 50s

A

Buy AT 30 and CCEL at 50

30s: Aminoglycocydes and Tetracycline
50s: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Linezolid

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Blocks pepidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic

USE: Meningitis: H.flue, Neisseria, S.pneumo and reskesial diseases

SE: Aneamia, GRAY BAPY (def. of UDP-glucoronidase in premature b.)

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13
Q

Clidamycin

A

blocks peptides transfer (translocation) at 50S

USE: Aerobic infec: (clostridium perf. and bacteroidis) inaspiration pneumo, lung abcess, and oral infection and strep A

SE: Pseudomembraneous colitis (C.diff.)

ERYTHROTOXIC

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14
Q

Macrolites

A

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin -Thromycin

inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translocation (macroslides); binds to 23rRNA of the 50s ribusomal subunit. bateriostatic.

Use: atypical pneumonis (Myco, Clamy, Legio-), STI: clamy., gram+ Srep. for those with penicillin allergies

SE: MACRO: Motiliy, Arrthmia, Cholestatic Hep.,Rash, eOsinophiles

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15
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulfamthoxazole SMX, Sulf-
Inhibits dihydropterotate synthase, thus inhi. folate synthesis

USE: gram+, gram-, Norcardia. TMP-SMX for simple UTI

SE: Hemolysis in G6PD

KERNICTERUS

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16
Q

Dapsone

A

similar to sulfonamides, but structually diff.

USE: leprosy

SE: hemolysis in G6PD, agranulocytosis

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17
Q

Trimethroprim

A

ihibit bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. bacteriostatic

USE: TMP-SMX for UTIs, samonella, shigella, pseudom

SE: Hyperkalemia, TMP Treats Marrow Poorly

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18
Q

Fluroquinolones

A

Cipro-, levo- -floxacin

inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase 2 (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. batericidel

USE: Gram - rods UTI and GI includo Pseudo, some gram +, otitis externa

Fluroquinolones hurts the attachments to your bones
Cipro inhibits P-450

CARTELAGE DAMAGE

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19
Q

Metronidazole

A

Forms toxic free radical metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA. Bacteriocidal, antiprotozoal

GET GAP on the Metro with methronidazol
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichmonas, Gardinella, Anerobes (C.diff, bacteriodes)

can be used in place of amox. in H. pylori

treats anaerobic infection below the diaphram

SE: disulram-like wiht alcohol: flushing, hypotension, tachycardia;
metallic tast, headache

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20
Q

Rifamycins

A

Rifampin, Rifa- 4R#s

RNA polymerase inhib. DNA-dependent
Ramps up mito. cyto- P-450, BUT rifaBUTin does not
Red/orange body fluids
Rapid resitance alone

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21
Q

Isoniazid

A

decreases mycolid acid synthesis, bacteriocidal catalase poxidase (encoded by KatG) needed to convert INH to active metabolite

SE: INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocydes

and inhibits P-450

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22
Q

Pyrainamide

A

mech unknown, ph -phagolysomes

hepatotoxic

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23
Q

Ethambutol

A

decreases carbohydrate polymerization cell wall blocking arabinosyltranferase.

Eyethambutol

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24
Q

prophylaxes for HIV CD4 count?

A

<200 TMP-SMX, PCP
<100 TMP-SMX, Pneumocystis and toxplasmosis
<50 Azithromycin or Clarthromycin Mycob. Avium

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25
Q

Terbinafine

A

Lanosterol Synthesis, inhibits spualene epoxidase

Dermatophytes esp. onychomycosis

26
Q

Azoles

A

Ergosterol synthesis by inhiting the cytochrome P-450 that converts lanesterol to ergasterol, 14-alpha-demethylase

Fluconazol in AIDS cryto menigitis, Itracanazol: Basto,

27
Q

Echinocandins -fugin

A

caspofungin
inhi. cell wall synthesis by inhib. of beta-glucan

aspergillus, candida

28
Q

Polynes: Amphotericin B,

A

Cell membrane integrity, ergosterol

binds to ergosterol, forms membrane pores

Amphotericin B: sytemic mycosis: Cryto, Blasto-, Cocci, Candida

Nystatin: Candida

29
Q

Flucytosine

A

Nucleic acid synthesis: inhits DNA ana RNA synth. by conversion to 5-flu. by cytosine diamenase

systemic inf. esp. crypto

30
Q

Griseofulvin

A

interferes with microtubule function, disrupts mitosis

dermatophytes, (tinea, ringworm)

TERATOGENIC

31
Q

antiprotozoal therapy

A

Permethrin (toxo)

32
Q

antimite threapy

A

Permethrin

33
Q

Antihelminthic

A

PIMP’D

Mebendazol

34
Q

Protease inhibitor (HIV)

A

Ataznavir -navir: assembly virions depends on HIV1 protease, which cleaves the polypeptide product of HIV mRNA into their functional parts.——>Protease inhib. prevent maturation of new viruses.

Ritonivir: inhi. P-450

35
Q

Integrase inhibitors

A

Raltegravir -tregra: inhibits HIV genome integration into the host cell chromosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase.

36
Q

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

NRTIs

A

Competitively inhibits binding to reverse transcriptase and termination of DNA chain

Tenovir for nucleoTide, the other are nucleosides

Zidovudine (ZDV): Have you dined (vudine) with my nulear (nucleoside) family

37
Q

Non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

NNRTIS

A

Delvirdine, Efavirenz, Neviapine

binds to the reverse transcriptase at diff. binding site from NRTIs. No poshorylation required

Evavirans: vivid dreams and CNS symptoms

38
Q

F:Mississippi, Ohio and River Valey+ bird/ bad droppings

A

Histoplasma: histo hides in macrophages

39
Q

F:Eastern, Central US and the great lakes

A

Broad base budding for Blastomycosis—->lung disease

40
Q

F:Southwestern US, California+ dust exposure (archeological)

A

Coccidiomycosis, Spherule filled with endospores—–>Erythema nodosa (desert bumps), arthrgials causes menigits

41
Q

F:Latin America

A

Paracoccidio, captain wheels

42
Q

Bartenella spp transmission

A

Cat scratch

43
Q

Brucella spp transmission

A

Brucellosis, unpasturized milk

44
Q

Campylobacter transmission

A

Bloody diarrhea, Feces from infected animal or contaminated meats, food or hands

45
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Q fever, aerosols of cattle/ amniotic fluid sheep

46
Q

Ehrlichia

A

Ehrlichiosis, Amblyomma (lone Star tick)

47
Q

Franciella tularensis

A

Tularemia. Ticks, rabbits, deer flies

48
Q

Pasturella muticida

A

Cellulitis, oteomyelitis. Animal bite, cat and dogs

49
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

Endemic typhus, Fleas

50
Q

Maravaroc

A

Fusion inhibitor

Maravaroc: binds to CCR-5 on the surface of the t-cells/ monocytes, inhibiting interaction with gp120

MavarOC inhibits dOCking

51
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Binds to gp41, inhibiting viral entry

EnFUvirtide inhibits FUsion

52
Q

NS5A inhibitors

A

NS5A: (Non)-Structural- 5A-nucleotide analog.

Ledipasvir -a)svir
Ombitasvir -a)svir

Inhibits NS5A, a viral phosphoprotein that plays a key role in RNA replication, mech unknown

53
Q

NS5B inhibitors

A

Sofosbuvir -b)uvir
Dasabuvir -b)uvir

Inhibits NS5B, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as chain terminator. Preventing viral RNA replication

54
Q

NS3/4 inhibitors

A

Granzoprevir -p)revir
Simeprevir

Inbitits NS3/4, a viral protease, preventing viral replication

55
Q

Alternative Hep. C drugs

A

Ribavirin: inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotide by competitively inhibiting IMP dehrydrogenase.

Hem. anemia/ TERATOGENIC

56
Q

Oseltamivir, zanamivir are used for?

A

Inhibits influenza neuraminidase, decreases the release of progeny virus

57
Q

Which medications are used for HZV?

A

Acyclovir, famiciclovir, valacyclovir

Ganciclovir

and Foscarnet

58
Q

Acyclovir, famiciclovir, valacyclovir

A

Guanosine analogs. Monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymine kinase and not phos. unfected cells—>Inhib. the viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

59
Q

Ganciclovir

A

5’-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase. Guanosine analo. Triphosphate formed by cellular kinases. Inhibits viral DNA polymerase.

60
Q

Foscavir

A

Viral DNA/RNA polymerase inhibitor and HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Binds to pyrophosphaste-binding site of enzyme. Does not require any kinase actvation.

S1 First aid (20 decks)

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