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S1 First aid > immonology > Flashcards

immonology Flashcards

1
Q

MTX mech of action?

A

dTMP, thymine synthestase

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2
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

dTMP, thymine synthestase

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3
Q

5-FU

A

dTMP, thymine synthestase inhibition

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4
Q

LeFlumanide

A

inhibits orortic acid

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5
Q

6-Mercatopurine/ Azathioprine

A

inhibits purine synthesis

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6
Q

Mycopholate

A

inhibits guanine synthesis

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7
Q

Tracrolimus

A

NF-AF, Calcineurin inhibitor, preventing IL-2 trasncription

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8
Q

Sirolimus

A

mTor, prevents IL-2 response

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9
Q

Rituximab

A

CD20 on Bcells

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10
Q

Etanercept

A

TNF alpha decoy

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11
Q

Adalimumab, infliximab

A

TNF alpha

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12
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

MS, Celiac, Crohns, UC, RA

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13
Q

Muronomab

A

CD3

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14
Q

Basiliximab

A

IL2

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15
Q

TH1 secrets and induces:

A

for intracellular pathogens secret IL2—->IL12, IFN gamma

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16
Q

TH2 secrets and induces:

A

for worms and parasites, secrets IL4, IL5 —-> IL2, IL4

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17
Q

TH17

A

for extracellular path, secrets IL17 —->TGF-beta, IL6

immunodeffi: Hyper IGE syndrome

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18
Q

Treg

A

stops everything, immonodeff: IPEX

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19
Q

FOXP3 mutation

A

IPEX syndrome, immune dysregulation of t-cells

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20
Q

Respitory burst

A

=oxidative burst, activation phagocyte NADPH oxidation complex

plays a role in both the creation and neutralization of ROS.

Myeloperoxidase contains a blue-green, heme-containing pigment that gives sputum its color.

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21
Q

X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia

A

defect in BTK, a tyrosine kinase—>no B-cell maturation, in Boys, CD19

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22
Q

Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE-syndrome/ Job syndrome

A

def. in TH17 cell due to STAT3 mutation—–> impaired recruitment of neutrophils

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23
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency

enzyme? cytokine?

A

defectice IL2 gamma chain, m.c. X-linked ress., adenosine diaminase defiency (b-and t-cell disorder)

24
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A

WAS gene mutation, leukocyte and platelets unable to recognize actin skeleton (b-and t-cell disorder). Causes WATER: Wiskott-Aldrich, Thrombocytopenia, Eczema, Recurrent

25
Chediak-Higashi
defectic lysosomal traficking regulator gene (LYST) Microtubale dysfunction in phagosome-lysosme fusion, autosomal ressesive
26
Thymic aplasia
22q11 deletion, failure to develop 3rd/4rd pharyngeal pouch. Digeorge syndrome:- thymic, parathyroid, cardiac defect Velocardiofacial syndrome- palate,facial, cardiac defects
27
IL12 recepor deficiency
Th1 decrease, auto ress., IFN gamma decresed, fungal infection, Tb after vaccine
28
chronic mucocutaneus candiadiasis
T-cell dysfunction. impaired cell-mediated immunity against candida
29
Ataxia-telangiectasia
def. in ATM gene---> failure to detect DNA damage, Ataxia, Angiomas, IgA, increased AFP,(b-and t-cell disorder)
30
Hyper IgM syndrome
def. CD40L on TH cells--->class switch defect, severe pyognic infection, PCP, Crypto, CMV,(b-and t-cell disorder) hyper Christmas trees drop 40 ligands! on th cells! and cryptos
31
chronic ganulomatous disease
defect of NADPH oxidase, decrease in oxygen species, abnomal dihydrorhodamyne test corn neck granny doesnt have a PHD!
32
type 1 hypersensitivity
IgE, Basophils, Mastcells anaphylactic, atopic, IgE on mast cells, food, asthma early IgE, late: chemokines
33
type 2 hypersensitivity
IgG&IgM autoantibodies +complement NK, Eosonophisl, Neutrophils, Macrophages Antibodies bind to the cell-surface antigens, direct combs test. Cellular destruction: Phagocytosis, NK. Inflammation: bindinding Antibody good pastures, RA, hyper-acute transplant rejection, myastenia gravies, graves disease, pemphigus vulgaris
34
type 3 hypersensitivity
Immune complex deposition/ antibody--antigen complex Neutophils (IgG), SLE, polyarthritis nodosa, poststrep glumerulonephritis. Serum sickness Arthus reaction- local
35
type 4 hypersensitivity
T-cell and Macrophages CD8+ cytotoxic T kill target directly, inflammatory through CD4 realse of cytokines. TB, transplant rejection, Chrons, MS, GB, Celiac, RA
36
positive slection
thymic cortex
37
negative selection
thymic medulla
38
C3b
opsonisation b for binding to bacteria
39
C3a, C4a, C5a
a for anaphylaxis
40
C5a
neurophil chemotaxis
41
decay acc. factor (DAF, aka CD55) and C1 esterase inhibitor
help prevent complement activation
42
early complement deficiencies
(C1-C4) sinus, respitory infec. SLE
43
terminal complement deficiencies
(C5-C9) increased susceptibility to current neisseria infections
44
Hyperacute transplant rejection
within minute, type 2 hypersensitivity, activates compliment, widespread thrombosis of graft vessels. Graft must be removed
45
Acute transplant rejection
cellular: CD8+ T cell or CD 4+ activated against donor MHCs (type 4 hyper. reaction). ------Vaculitis of graft vessels and dense interstitial lymphocytic cellular infiltrate. Revers. with immunosup. Humoral
46
Chronic trans. rejection
CD4+T cell responds to recipient APCs presenting donor potides including allogeneic MHC. Humoral and cellular type 1 and type4. Recipient T cell react an secret cytokines-----> prolif of smooth muscles, parenchymal atrophy, interstitial fibrosis
47
graft versus host disease
graft immunocompetent Tcells proliferate in the immunocompromised host and reject host cells with foreign proteins----> severe organ disfunc. Type 4 macupapular rash, jaudice, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, bone marrow and live rich in neutophiles
48
what is an allergic reaction/ anphylactic reaction of a blood transfusion?
type 1 against plasma proteins in the transfused blood. IgA deficient induv. must receive blood products without IgA min to 2-3 hours
49
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is?
type 2 hypersensisitivity reaction, intravasal hemolysis ABO incompatibility or extravascular hemolysis ( host antibody reaction against foreign antigen on donor RBC) 1 hour
50
febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
induced by cytokines that are accumulated by blood products storage or type 2 with host antibodies directed against donor HLA And WBC 1-6 hours
51
transfusion-related acute lung injury
donor anti-leukocyte antibodies against recipient neutrophils and pulmonary endothelial cells
52
live attenuated vaccine
microorganism losses pathgenicity, induces cellular and humeral response. MMR----> longlife ummunity
53
killed and inactivated vaccine
inactivated pathogen, maintaned epitope ---> manily humural response-----> requires booster RIP Rabies, Influenza, Polio
54
subunit vaccine
includes antigen----> may lead to adverse effect but weaker immune response HBV
55
Toxoid vaccine
denatured bacterial toxin with intact receptor for binding, stimulates immune system to make antibodies without causing disease. protects against bacterial toxin. Diphtheria and tetani
56
Interleukin-10
Attenuates inflammatory response. Decreases expression of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines. Inhibits activated macrophages and dendritic cells. Also secreted by regulatory T cells. TGF-β and IL-10 both attenuate the immune respons

S1 First aid (20 decks)

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