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S1 First aid > immonology > Flashcards

immonology Flashcards

1
Q

MTX mech of action?

A

dTMP, thymine synthestase

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2
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

dTMP, thymine synthestase

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3
Q

5-FU

A

dTMP, thymine synthestase inhibition

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4
Q

LeFlumanide

A

inhibits orortic acid

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5
Q

6-Mercatopurine/ Azathioprine

A

inhibits purine synthesis

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6
Q

Mycopholate

A

inhibits guanine synthesis

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7
Q

Tracrolimus

A

NF-AF, Calcineurin inhibitor, preventing IL-2 trasncription

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8
Q

Sirolimus

A

mTor, prevents IL-2 response

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9
Q

Rituximab

A

CD20 on Bcells

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10
Q

Etanercept

A

TNF alpha decoy

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11
Q

Adalimumab, infliximab

A

TNF alpha

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12
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

MS, Celiac, Crohns, UC, RA

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13
Q

Muronomab

A

CD3

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14
Q

Basiliximab

A

IL2

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15
Q

TH1 secrets and induces:

A

for intracellular pathogens secret IL2—->IL12, IFN gamma

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16
Q

TH2 secrets and induces:

A

for worms and parasites, secrets IL4, IL5 —-> IL2, IL4

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17
Q

TH17

A

for extracellular path, secrets IL17 —->TGF-beta, IL6

immunodeffi: Hyper IGE syndrome

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18
Q

Treg

A

stops everything, immonodeff: IPEX

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19
Q

FOXP3 mutation

A

IPEX syndrome, immune dysregulation of t-cells

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20
Q

Respitory burst

A

=oxidative burst, activation phagocyte NADPH oxidation complex

plays a role in both the creation and neutralization of ROS.

Myeloperoxidase contains a blue-green, heme-containing pigment that gives sputum its color.

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21
Q

X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia

A

defect in BTK, a tyrosine kinase—>no B-cell maturation, in Boys, CD19

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22
Q

Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE-syndrome/ Job syndrome

A

def. in TH17 cell due to STAT3 mutation—–> impaired recruitment of neutrophils

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23
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency

enzyme? cytokine?

A

defectice IL2 gamma chain, m.c. X-linked ress., adenosine diaminase defiency (b-and t-cell disorder)

24
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A

WAS gene mutation, leukocyte and platelets unable to recognize actin skeleton (b-and t-cell disorder). Causes WATER: Wiskott-Aldrich, Thrombocytopenia, Eczema, Recurrent

25
Q

Chediak-Higashi

A

defectic lysosomal traficking regulator gene (LYST) Microtubale dysfunction in phagosome-lysosme fusion, autosomal ressesive

26
Q

Thymic aplasia

A

22q11 deletion, failure to develop 3rd/4rd pharyngeal pouch.
Digeorge syndrome:- thymic, parathyroid, cardiac defect
Velocardiofacial syndrome- palate,facial, cardiac defects

27
Q

IL12 recepor deficiency

A

Th1 decrease, auto ress., IFN gamma decresed, fungal infection, Tb after vaccine

28
Q

chronic mucocutaneus candiadiasis

A

T-cell dysfunction. impaired cell-mediated immunity against candida

29
Q

Ataxia-telangiectasia

A

def. in ATM gene—> failure to detect DNA damage, Ataxia, Angiomas, IgA, increased AFP,(b-and t-cell disorder)

30
Q

Hyper IgM syndrome

A

def. CD40L on TH cells—>class switch defect, severe pyognic infection, PCP, Crypto, CMV,(b-and t-cell disorder)

hyper Christmas trees drop 40 ligands! on th cells! and cryptos

31
Q

chronic ganulomatous disease

A

defect of NADPH oxidase, decrease in oxygen species, abnomal dihydrorhodamyne test

corn neck granny doesnt have a PHD!

32
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE, Basophils, Mastcells

anaphylactic, atopic, IgE on mast cells, food, asthma
early IgE, late: chemokines

33
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity

A

IgG&IgM autoantibodies
+complement

NK, Eosonophisl, Neutrophils, Macrophages

Antibodies bind to the cell-surface antigens, direct combs test.
Cellular destruction: Phagocytosis, NK.
Inflammation: bindinding Antibody
good pastures, RA, hyper-acute transplant rejection,
myastenia gravies, graves disease, pemphigus vulgaris

34
Q

type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex deposition/ antibody–antigen complex

Neutophils

(IgG), SLE, polyarthritis nodosa, poststrep glumerulonephritis.

Serum sickness
Arthus reaction- local

35
Q

type 4 hypersensitivity

A

T-cell and Macrophages

CD8+ cytotoxic T kill target directly, inflammatory through CD4 realse of cytokines. TB, transplant rejection, Chrons, MS, GB, Celiac, RA

36
Q

positive slection

A

thymic cortex

37
Q

negative selection

A

thymic medulla

38
Q

C3b

A

opsonisation b for binding to bacteria

39
Q

C3a, C4a, C5a

A

a for anaphylaxis

40
Q

C5a

A

neurophil chemotaxis

41
Q

decay acc. factor (DAF, aka CD55) and C1 esterase inhibitor

A

help prevent complement activation

42
Q

early complement deficiencies

A

(C1-C4) sinus, respitory infec. SLE

43
Q

terminal complement deficiencies

A

(C5-C9) increased susceptibility to current neisseria infections

44
Q

Hyperacute transplant rejection

A

within minute, type 2 hypersensitivity, activates compliment, widespread thrombosis of graft vessels. Graft must be removed

45
Q

Acute transplant rejection

A

cellular: CD8+ T cell or CD 4+ activated against donor MHCs (type 4 hyper. reaction). ——Vaculitis of graft vessels and dense interstitial lymphocytic cellular infiltrate. Revers. with immunosup. Humoral

46
Q

Chronic trans. rejection

A

CD4+T cell responds to recipient APCs presenting donor potides including allogeneic MHC. Humoral and cellular type 1 and type4. Recipient T cell react an secret cytokines—–> prolif of smooth muscles, parenchymal atrophy, interstitial fibrosis

47
Q

graft versus host disease

A

graft immunocompetent Tcells proliferate in the immunocompromised host and reject host cells with foreign proteins—-> severe organ disfunc. Type 4

macupapular rash, jaudice, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, bone marrow and live rich in neutophiles

48
Q

what is an allergic reaction/ anphylactic reaction of a blood transfusion?

A

type 1 against plasma proteins in the transfused blood. IgA deficient induv. must receive blood products without IgA

min to 2-3 hours

49
Q

acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is?

A

type 2 hypersensisitivity reaction, intravasal hemolysis ABO incompatibility or extravascular hemolysis ( host antibody reaction against foreign antigen on donor RBC)

1 hour

50
Q

febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

A

induced by cytokines that are accumulated by blood products storage or type 2 with host antibodies directed against donor HLA And WBC

1-6 hours

51
Q

transfusion-related acute lung injury

A

donor anti-leukocyte antibodies against recipient neutrophils and pulmonary endothelial cells

52
Q

live attenuated vaccine

A

microorganism losses pathgenicity, induces cellular and humeral response. MMR—-> longlife ummunity

53
Q

killed and inactivated vaccine

A

inactivated pathogen, maintaned epitope —> manily humural response—–> requires booster

RIP Rabies, Influenza, Polio

54
Q

subunit vaccine

A

includes antigen—-> may lead to adverse effect but weaker immune response HBV

55
Q

Toxoid vaccine

A

denatured bacterial toxin with intact receptor for binding, stimulates immune system to make antibodies without causing disease. protects against bacterial toxin. Diphtheria and tetani

56
Q

Interleukin-10

A

Attenuates inflammatory response.

Decreases expression of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines.

Inhibits activated macrophages and dendritic cells. Also secreted by regulatory T cells.

TGF-β and IL-10 both attenuate the immune respons

S1 First aid (20 decks)

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