Gastroenterology Flashcards
Blood supply of the posterior duodenum/ posterior wall?
gastroduodenal
Secretin does?
increases Hco3 secretion, gastric acid secretion, bile secretion
Menetrier disease is?
hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa leads to hypertrophied rugae causes WAVE
Whipple disease is?
Indection of Tropheryma whipplei (int. gram pos.), PAS periodic acid schiff reactive vacoules in macrophages * foamy macrophages.
PAS the foamy Wipped cream in a can
CAN: Cardiac symptoms,, arthralgias, neurologic symptoms.
What is gilbert disease?
benigne, mild form of dicrease udp-glucuronosyltransferase conjugation adn impaired bilirubin uptake
Crigler- najjar syndrome, type1 is?
absend udp-glucuronosyltransferase
type 2 is less sever responds to phenobarbital which increases liver enzyme
Dubin-Johnson syndrome in?
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion, grossly Dark liver
Roter Syndrome is similar, but?
it presents with black Regular liver
Squamous cell carcinoma affects?
Upper 2/3
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus affects?
Lower 1/3
gastric cancer
main cause h.pylori, most common is the adenocarcinoma
lymphoid spreading:
virschow node- involvement of left supraventricular node by metastasis from the stomach
krugenberg tumor- bilateral metastases to the ovaries. Abundant mucin-secreting, signet ring cells
Sister Mary Joseph nodule-subcutenous periumbelical metastasis.
Blumer shelf- palpable mass on digital rectal exam suggestion metastasis to pouch of Douglas
What is associated with the RET mutation?
Hirschsprungs disease, RET for Rectum
Nutckracker
compresion of the left renal vaein b/n the sup. mesenteric artery and aorta
indirect inguinal hernia
internal deep ring, lateral inferior epigastric
direct inguinal hernia
Lateral inferior epigastric
rapture of the lesser curvature will cause?
left gastric
penumoperitenuem is
air under the diaphragm, with referred pain to the shoulder via irritation of the phrenic nerve
adenomatous polyps
neoplastic, via chromosomal instability pathway with mutation in APC and KRAS. Tubular is less malignent than villus
serrated polyps
neoplastic, characterized by CpG island methylator phenotype. Defect may silence MMR gene (DNA-mismatch repair)
lynch syndrome
=nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPC). Autosomal dominant mutation of DNA. autosomal dom. mutation of dna mismach repair genes with subsequent microsatellite instability.
Colorectal cancer
CEA tumor marker……………………..
Angiosarcoma
Malignant tumor of the endothelial origin, associated with arsenic, vinyl chloride
Cavernous hemangioma
Most common benigne liver tumor, venous malformation—– biopsy contraindicated
hepatic adenoma
rare benign liver tumor, often related to oral contraceptives and steriods
Budd- Chiari syndrome
thrombosis or compression of hepatic veins with centrilobular congestion and necrosis
alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
misfolded gene product protein aggregates in hepatocellular ER—-> cirrhosis with PAS+ globules
conjugated/ direct bili in increased?
gallstones/ opstruction
unconjugated/ indirect bili will be increased in?
hemolytic, bilbert, crigler-najar, physiolo. in newborn
Mixed (direct/indirect) bili
hepatitis/ cirrhosis
