Pharmacology 1 Flashcards
At what ages can you use decongestants in children?
Oral decongestants have no proven value in the treatment of acute otitis media. In addition, oral decongestants should not be used in children younger than 6 years of age and may even be harmful in infants younger than 6 months of age due to rebound nasal congestion that may impede respiratory function in infants who are obligate nasal breathers.
What is the first-line antibiotic therapy for otitis media in children? What do you use if penicillin allergy?
Amoxicillin is first line.
Then if persistent or recurrent OM, you can use Amoxicillin-Clavulanate.
If penicillin allergy you can use cefdinir, a step down from that is Clinda + TMP-SMX.
What are some second-generation H1 antihistamines that are first line therapy for acute urticaria?
cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine
The second gen antihistamines are minimally sedating, are essentially free of the anticholinergic effects that can complicate use of first-generation agents, have few significant drug-drug interactions, and require less frequent dosing compared with first-generation agents.
What is the treatment for Laryngotracheitis (Croup)?
For children with Mild croup who are seen in the outpatient setting, we suggest a single dose of oral dexamethasone or oral prednisolone.
If Moderate add Nebulized epinephrine.
What is the preferred first-line treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis from chlamydia?
Oral erythromycin.
What is the typical max daily dose of Ibuprofen?
3,200 mg/day
What is the treatment for melasma in nonpregnant patients?
First-line therapy for persistent melasma not occurring during pregnancy includes a combination medication of hydroquinone, retinoic acid, and a mild topical steroid
best treatment listed for mild to moderate Clostridium difficile infection. Usually, this is prescribed as 500 mg three times daily for 10 to 14 days.
Metronidazole
a common side effect of haloperidol and other typical antipsychotic drugs.
Dystonic reaction
Treatment is Benztropine and diphenhydramine.
What medication has the greatest effect on reducing mortality in patients with ACS.
Aspirin.
Why wouldn’t you give an acute angle-closure glaucoma patient Acetazolamide?
If they have a sulfa allergy.
Hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin B drops can be used for the treatment of
Otitis Externa
Clinicians must never combine ergot-derivatives with
triptans
Avoid triptans and ergots in
Those with coronary artery disease or uncontrolled HTN.
What meds can you give to treat acute dystonic reactions to medications.
Anticholinergics such as Benztropine or Diphenhydramine.
