ENT 2 Flashcards
What will you see on exam of diabetic retinopathy?
Microaneurysms cotton wool spots (soft exudates that resemble fluffy gray-white spots), hard exudates that are yellow spots with sharp margins, blot and dot hemorrhages from bleeding into the deep retinal layer, Flame shaped hemorrhages.
Tx for diabetic retinopathy
glucose control, VEGF inhibitors (Bevacizumab)
What is seen on hypertensive retinopathy exam?
AV nicking, flame or dot hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, hard exudates. Papilledema.
Eye exam shows positive shafer’s sign that looks like clumping of brown-colered pigment vitreous cells in the anterior vitreous humor resembling “tobacco dust”
Retinal detachment
Management for retinal detachment?
Keep patient supine while awaiting consult with head turned toward the side of the detachment.
New born with conjunctival infection between day 2-5.
Gonococcal.
Tx. IM or IV ceftriaxone
Neonatal conjuctival infection between day 5-7.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Tx Oral erythromycin
Tx for non-contact lens wearers FB and corneal abrasion?
Erythromycin ointment.
Tx for contact lens wearers FB and corneal abrasion?
Pseudomonal coverage with cipro or ofloxacin
If Pseudomonas is suspected in corneal abrasion what must you not do in management.
Do no patch if pseudomonas is suspected.
MC cause of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
Common from direct contact or swimming pools.
Treatment for patient with nasal congestion, sneezing, marked pruritus of eyes, atopic history, exam shows cobblestone mucosa, watery or mucoid discharge, conjunctival edema.
Allergic conjunctivitis:
Generic (cetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine)
Orbital cellultis mc caused from what infection?
sinus infection
Tx for orbital cellulitis?
Admission + IV antibiotics: vanc plus ceftiaxone.
Management for preseptal cellulitis?
Oral clindamycin or Cephalexin.
Inpatient management if less than 1 years old.
