Cardiology 4

Question 1

What is the cardiac tumor that can cause a “ball-valve” obstruction of the mitral orifice?

Answer 1

Atrial myxoma

Question 2

Dyspnea, wt. loss, syncope, fevers
Mitral stenosis like findings such as prominent S1 and low pitched diastolic murmur.
Dx with TEE showing pedunculated mass with a ball-valve obstruction of the mitral valve.

Answer 2

Atrial myxoma

Question 3

Clinically: headache, jaw claudication with mastication, visual changes. May have scalp tenderness. Fever, fatigue, wt. loss, night sweats, malaise.
Increased ESR and CRP. Same clinical spectrum as PMR.

Answer 3

Giant cell arteritis

Question 4

Leg pain worsened with prolonged standing. Better with ambulation and leg elevation.
Eczematous rash, brownish or dark purple hyperpigmentation of the skin.

Answer 4

Chronic venous insufficiency

Question 5

Acyonotic heart defect.
Systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo murmur at the pulmonic area LUSB. Wide fixed split S2 that does not vary with respirations.
Ostium secundum mc type.

Answer 5

ASD.

Question 6

Management for PDA?

Answer 6

NSAIDs such as IV indomethacin.

Question 7

Patent Ductus arteriosus is caused by what?

Answer 7

Continued prostaglandin E1 productions.

Question 8

Pediatric heart defect where there is upper extremity systolic hypertension with lower extremity hypotension and or diminished or delayed lower extremity pulses.
Patient might have bilateral claudiction.
CXR shows posterior rib notching, 3 sign of narrowed aorta.

Answer 8

Coarctation of the Aorta

Question 9

What is the management for Coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 9

Corrective surgery and Preoperative Prostaglandins

Question 10

What are the components of Tetralogy of fallout?

Answer 10

RV outflow obstruction, RVH, VSD, Overriding aorta.

Question 11

Cyanosis mc symptom. Relieved with squatting.
Harsh systolic murmur at left mid to upper sternal boarder. RVH.
Boot shaped hear.

Answer 11

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 12

What is the management of Tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 12

Surgical repair within 4-12 months.

Prostaglandin infusion to prevent ductal closure.

Question 13

This is where a pediatric heart defect develops pulmonary HTN witch causes a left to right shunt to switch and become a right to left shunt and thus being cyanotic.

Answer 13

Eisenmerger’s syndrome.

Associated with PDA.

Question 14

A young person with fever, myalgias, malaise for several days followed by symptoms of systolic dysfunction.
Leads to Dilated cardiomyopathy. S3 gallop.
Cardiomegaly

Answer 14

Myocarditis

Question 15

Gold standard dx for myocarditis?

Answer 15

Endomyocardial biopsy