Neuro 2 Flashcards
Presents as ipsilateral hyperacusis (ear pain) unilateral facial weakness or paralysis involving the forehead to where patient is unable to lift the affected eyebrow.
Treatment is prednisone
Bells palsy
Cranial nerve VII
Management for an acquired autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculopathy of the peripheral nervous system.
Increased incidence with campylobacter jejuni.
Presents as symmetric ascending weakness and paresthesias or pain.
Guillan barre syndrome
Management is Plasmapharesis or IVIG
This is an autoimmune peripheral nerve disorder due to autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscles leading to weakness.
Myasthenia gravis
Treatment for a patient with ocular weakness (diplopia and ptosis) Generalized weakness that is worse with repeated muscle use.
Bulbar (oropharyngeal weakness with prolonged chewing and dysphagia, dysphonia, and dysarthria. There can also be respiratory muscle weakness.
Plasmapheresis or IVIG if severe Myasthenic crisis.
long term treatment for myasthenia gravis is pyridostigmine or neostigmine
Dx of Myasthenia gravis?
Edrophonium tensilon test
ice pack test
Antibodies against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels mc associated with small cell lung cancer.
Proximal muscle weakness that improves with repeated muscle use.
Autonomic symptoms of dry mouth mc.
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic syndrome
What is the management for an acute MS exacerbation?
IV steroids
MC primary CNS tumor in adults?
Glioblastoma multiforme (Grade IV Astrocytoma)
What is the management for:
Benign, slow-growing tumor arising from the arachnoid meningothelial cells of the meninges.
MC arises from the dura.
Often asymptomatic.
Histology shows spindle-cells arranged in a whorled pattern. Psammoma bodies.
Meningioma
Asymptomatic can be observed if small.
Symptomatic is surgical excision.
What is the treatment for:
A patient with ring-enhanced lesion on MRI, EBV positive, and disease comes from a variant of extranodal non-hodgkin lymphoma.
CNS lymphoma
Chemo: Methotrexate.
This brain tumor is common in children and seen in the 4th ventricle or spinal cord.
Brain biopsy shows perivascular pseudo rosettes (tumor cells surrounding a blood vessel).
Ependymoma
What are the 3 possible causes of Alzheimer dementia?
Extracellular amyloid-beta protein deposits (senile plaques)
Neurofibrillary tangles (Tau proteins)
Acetylcholine deficiency
What is the management for Alzheimer dementia?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Donepezil, Tacrine, Rivastigmine, Galantamine.
Brain disease due to chronic ischemia and multiple Lacunar infarcts.
Presents as a sudden decline in functions with a stepwise progression of symptoms.
Vascular Dementia
This type of dementia presents with marked changes in social behavior, personality and language.
Patients have disinhibition or socially inappropriate behaviors, apathy. Will be binge-eating, compulsive ritualistic behaviors, loss of sympathy or empathy.
Frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease)
