Pharm: Ch 1 The Foundation of Pharmacology Key Terms

Question 1

process that may involve manipulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms (often Escherichia coli bacteria) and repeatedly reproduced

Answer 1

Biotechnology

Question 2

manufacturer’s chosen name for a drug, which is protected by a patent

Answer 2

Brand (trade) name

Question 3

Classified according to effects on:

+Specific body systems- for ex: CNS
depressant (Central Nervous System
depressant)
+Therapeutic uses- ex: anti-hypertensive
+Chemical characteristics07`00: beta-
blocker

Answer 3

Classifications

Question 4

drugs that are categorized by federal law according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse; also known as scheduled drugs

Answer 4

Controlled substances

Question 5

groups of medications that are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics

Answer 5

Drug classifications

Question 6

chemical or official name of the drug that is independent of the manufacturer and often indicates the drug group

Answer 6

Generic name

Question 7

drugs given for therapeutic purposes

Answer 7

Medications

Question 8

medications available for purchase without a prescription

Answer 8

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs

Question 9

costs of drug therapy, including costs of purchasing, dispensing, storage, administration, and laboratory and other tests used to monitor patient responses; also considers losses due to expiration

Answer 9

Pharmacoeconomics

Question 10

study of how a person’s genetic heritage leads to variable responses to drugs; more generally refers to genetic polymorphisms that occur in a patient population, such as an ethnic group, as opposed to an individual person

Answer 10

Pharmacogenomics (also known as pharmacogenetics)

Question 11

Study of drugs that alter functions of living organisms

Answer 11

Pharmacology

Question 12

use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes

Answer 12

Pharmacotherapy

Question 13

inert substance containing no medication and given to reinforce a person’s expectation to improve

Answer 13

Placebo

Question 14

medications that are ordered in writing by a licensed health care provider

Answer 14

Prescription drugs

Question 15

often the first drug of a particular drug class to be developed; usually the standard against which newer, similar drugs are compared

Answer 15

Prototype

Question 16

(e.g., many antibiotics) are naturally occurring substances that have been chemically modified.

Answer 16

Semisynthetic drugs

Question 17

are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions.

Answer 17

Synthetic drugs