Med-Surg Chp 69 Caring for Clients With Mood Disorders

Question 1

the verbal and nonverbal behavior that communicates feelings

Answer 1

affect

Question 2

cycling among depressive, euthymic, and euphoric moods

Answer 2

bipolar disorder

Question 3

used to help manage the tremors caused by Parkinson disease and other neurologic conditions. It is believed that sending continuous electrical signals via DBS can alter brain circuitry and relieve depression.

Answer 3

deep brain stimulation

Question 4

alternating sad and elated moods, resembles bipolar disorder, but the extremes of mood are less pronounced.

Answer 4

cyclothymia

Question 5

fixed false beliefs that often are persecutory or guilt-ridden in nature.

Answer 5

delusions

Question 6

blood test theoretically indicates major depression if cortisol levels remain elevated despite the administration of an oral dose of dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, the day before.

Answer 6

dexamethasone (cortisol) suppression test

Question 7

monoamine neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system and precursor of norepinephrine; excess is associated with distortion of thoughts and sensory perception.

Answer 7

dopamine

Question 8

a feeling of unremitting sadness

Answer 8

dysthymia

Question 9

People with normal moods

Answer 9

euthymic

Question 10

uses the application of an electric stimulus to one or both temporal regions of the head to produce a brief, generalized seizure.

Answer 10

electroconvulsive therapy

Question 11

sensory phenomena such as hearing voices or seeing images that do not objectively exist

Answer 11

hallucinations

Question 11

an inhibitory neurotransmitter, to counteract the effects of the monoamines.

Answer 11

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 12

refers to the frenzied state of euphoria exhibited by persons during the manic phase of bipolar disorder, which is defined and discussed later.

Answer 12

mania

Question 13

potentially fatal condition with symptoms such as extremely elevated blood pressure, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, palpitations, visual changes, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, and tachycardia.

Answer 13

hypertensive crisis

Question 13

a sad mood with no obvious relationship to situational events.

Answer 13

major (unipolar) depression

Question 14

hypothalamus relays the light-sensing data to the pineal gland, which regulates the production

Answer 14

melatonin

Question 15

is an enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters.

Answer 15

monoamine oxidase

Question 16

depression results from imbalances in one or more of the monoamine neurotransmitters: serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Answer 16

monoamine hypothesis

Question 17

refers to a person’s overall feeling state.

Answer 17

mood

Question 18

experience an extreme persistent mood or severe mood swings that interfere with social relationships.

Answer 18

mood disorders

Question 19

monoamine neurotransmitter produced and secreted by the adrenal medulla whose levels may be low or high among people affected by depression; low levels help to explain why some depressed people develop psychomotor retardation, and high levels help to explain why some depressed people experience psychomotor agitation.

Answer 19

norepinephrine

Question 20

involves using artificial light that simulates the intensity of sunlight

Answer 20

phototherapy

Question 21

daytime hours that are short because of fewer hours of sunlight

Answer 21

photoperiods

Question 22

stimulating manifestations as insomnia, pacing, and distractibility, rather than lethargy.

Answer 22

psychomotor agitation

Question 23

talking with a psychiatrist, psychologist, or mental health therapist, promotes coping with emotional problems, gaining an insight into behaviors, and learning techniques that can improve well-being.

Answer 23

psychotherapy

Question 23

characterized by a lack of energy, increased sleep, and little interest in daily events or responsibilities.

Answer 23

psychomotor retardation

Question 24

an extreme form of depressive disorder

Answer 24

psychotic depression

Question 25

A sad feeling that can be directly attributed to a situation or cause

Answer 25

reactive (secondary) depression

Question 25

is a mood disorder characterized by depression that develops during darker winter months and then disappears in the spring.

Answer 25

seasonal affective disorder

Question 26

interfere with the reabsorption of these two neurotransmitters by the releasing presynaptic neuron, thereby creating a sustained effect.

Answer 26

reuptake

Question 27

monoamine neurotransmitter that is lower in depressed people.

Answer 27

serotonin

Question 28

potentially life-threatening condition that results from elevated levels of serotonin in the blood secondary to drug therapy.

Answer 28

serotonin syndrome

Question 29

noninvasive method of stimulating the brain to treat depression. Stimulation is achieved by delivering short pulses of energy through an electromagnetic coil placed against the scalp near the forehead

Answer 29

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 30

electrode that is tunneled beneath the skin at the neck. One end of the electrode is attached to the Vagus nerve, a cranial nerve that exits the brain stem, travels through the neck, and moves down to the chest and abdomen. The other end of the electrode is connected to a pulse generator implanted in the chest, similar to a cardiac pacemaker

Answer 30

Vagus nerve stimulation