Med-Surg Chp 69 Caring for Clients With Mood Disorders Flashcards
the verbal and nonverbal behavior that communicates feelings
affect
cycling among depressive, euthymic, and euphoric moods
bipolar disorder
used to help manage the tremors caused by Parkinson disease and other neurologic conditions. It is believed that sending continuous electrical signals via DBS can alter brain circuitry and relieve depression.
deep brain stimulation
alternating sad and elated moods, resembles bipolar disorder, but the extremes of mood are less pronounced.
cyclothymia
fixed false beliefs that often are persecutory or guilt-ridden in nature.
delusions
blood test theoretically indicates major depression if cortisol levels remain elevated despite the administration of an oral dose of dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, the day before.
dexamethasone (cortisol) suppression test
monoamine neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system and precursor of norepinephrine; excess is associated with distortion of thoughts and sensory perception.
dopamine
a feeling of unremitting sadness
dysthymia
People with normal moods
euthymic
uses the application of an electric stimulus to one or both temporal regions of the head to produce a brief, generalized seizure.
electroconvulsive therapy
sensory phenomena such as hearing voices or seeing images that do not objectively exist
hallucinations
an inhibitory neurotransmitter, to counteract the effects of the monoamines.
gamma-aminobutyric acid
refers to the frenzied state of euphoria exhibited by persons during the manic phase of bipolar disorder, which is defined and discussed later.
mania
potentially fatal condition with symptoms such as extremely elevated blood pressure, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, palpitations, visual changes, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, and tachycardia.
hypertensive crisis
a sad mood with no obvious relationship to situational events.
major (unipolar) depression
hypothalamus relays the light-sensing data to the pineal gland, which regulates the production
melatonin
is an enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters.
monoamine oxidase
depression results from imbalances in one or more of the monoamine neurotransmitters: serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
monoamine hypothesis
refers to a person’s overall feeling state.
mood
experience an extreme persistent mood or severe mood swings that interfere with social relationships.
mood disorders
monoamine neurotransmitter produced and secreted by the adrenal medulla whose levels may be low or high among people affected by depression; low levels help to explain why some depressed people develop psychomotor retardation, and high levels help to explain why some depressed people experience psychomotor agitation.
norepinephrine
involves using artificial light that simulates the intensity of sunlight
phototherapy
daytime hours that are short because of fewer hours of sunlight
photoperiods
stimulating manifestations as insomnia, pacing, and distractibility, rather than lethargy.
psychomotor agitation
talking with a psychiatrist, psychologist, or mental health therapist, promotes coping with emotional problems, gaining an insight into behaviors, and learning techniques that can improve well-being.
psychotherapy
characterized by a lack of energy, increased sleep, and little interest in daily events or responsibilities.
psychomotor retardation
an extreme form of depressive disorder
psychotic depression
A sad feeling that can be directly attributed to a situation or cause
reactive (secondary) depression
is a mood disorder characterized by depression that develops during darker winter months and then disappears in the spring.
seasonal affective disorder
interfere with the reabsorption of these two neurotransmitters by the releasing presynaptic neuron, thereby creating a sustained effect.
reuptake
monoamine neurotransmitter that is lower in depressed people.
serotonin
potentially life-threatening condition that results from elevated levels of serotonin in the blood secondary to drug therapy.
serotonin syndrome
noninvasive method of stimulating the brain to treat depression. Stimulation is achieved by delivering short pulses of energy through an electromagnetic coil placed against the scalp near the forehead
transcranial magnetic stimulation
electrode that is tunneled beneath the skin at the neck. One end of the electrode is attached to the Vagus nerve, a cranial nerve that exits the brain stem, travels through the neck, and moves down to the chest and abdomen. The other end of the electrode is connected to a pulse generator implanted in the chest, similar to a cardiac pacemaker
Vagus nerve stimulation
