Med-Surg Chp 60 Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
aspiration of synovial fluid
arthrocentesis
imaging test where you receive a special contrast agent (often called dye) through injection.
arthrogram
internal inspection of a joint by means of an instrument called an arthroscope
arthroscopy
is done to identify the composition of bone, muscle, or synovium
biopsy
study that uses the intravenous injection of a radionuclide to detect the uptake of the radioactive substance by the bone
bone scan
a small sac filled with synovial fluid that reduces friction between tendon and bone and between tendon and ligament
bursa
bony tissue that is light and contains many spaces
cancellous bone
firm, dense connective tissue whose primary functions are to reduce friction between articular surfaces, absorb shocks, and reduce stress on joint surfaces
cartilage
bony tissue that is dense and hard
cortical bone
long shafts of bones in the arms and legs
diaphyses
tests the electrical potential of the muscles and nerves leading to the muscles
Electromyography
rounded, irregular ends of long bones
epiphyses
the junction between two or more bones
joint
fibrous tissue that connects two adjacent freely movable bones and helps protect joints by stabilizing their surfaces and keeping them in proper alignment
ligaments
cells that build bones
osteoblasts
cells involved in the destruction, resorption, and remodeling of bone
osteoclasts
mature bone cells involved in maintaining bone tissue
osteocytes
outer layer of bones that is rich in blood and lymph vessels and supplies the bone with nourishment
periosteum
substance that manufactures blood cells and hemoglobin
red bone marrow
voluntary muscles that promote movement of the bones of the skeleton
skeletal muscles
cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone
tendons
bone marrow in long bones that consists primarily of fat cells and connective tissue
yellow bone marrow
What does the musculoskeletal system consist of?
Bones
muscles
joints
tendons
ligaments
cartilage
bursae
Bones in the human body
206
what are the classification of bones
Short - Finger and Toes
Long - Femur and Ulna
Flat - Sternum
Irregular - Vertebrae
Types of bony tissue
Cancellous - Spongy
Cortical - Compact
Composition of bones
Cells
Proteins matrix
Mineral deposits
Types of bone cells
Osteoblasts - cells that build bones
Osteocytes - mature bone cells
Osteoclasts - cells involved in the destruction, resorption, and remodeling the bone
Three kinds of muscles
Skeletal - Voluntary
Smooth - Involuntary
Cardiac - Involuntary
What are the types of joints
Synarthrodial Joint - Immoveable - suture lines in the skull
Amphiarthrodial joints
Synovial joints
exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine (HUMPBACK)
Kyphosis
excessive concave curvature of the lumbar spine (SWAYBACK)
Lordosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
Helps identify traumatic disorders (fractures, dislocations, and other bone disorders)
X-ray, CT, and MRI
What actions do you take for a patient that is scheduled for a arthroscopy BEFORE the procedure
Explain
ensure the patient signed that informed consent
patient has been NPO for at least 6 hours
administer preoperative medication, if ordered
What actions do you take for a patient that is scheduled for a arthroscopy AFTER the procedure
report unusual pain
Bleeding
drainage
swelling
