Chapter 20 Pain Management Flashcards
A technique that involves tissue compression to reduce pain
acupressure
pain management technique in which long, thin needles are inserted into the skin
acupuncture
discomfort of short duration
acute pain
pain-relieving drug
analgesic
drugs that assist in accomplishing the desired effect of a primary drug
adjuvants
larger dose of a drug administered initially or when pain is intense
bolus
technique in which the client learns to control or alter a physiologic phenomenon
biofeedback
discomfort that lasts longer than 6 months
chronic pain
Combination of conventional medical practice with nontraditional physical and nonphysical approaches for which there is some scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness; now called integrative medicine
complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapy
drugs whose prescription and dispensing are regulated by federal law because they have the potential for abuse
controlled substances
surgical interruption of pain pathways in the spinal cord
cordotomy
discomfort that originates at the skin level
cutaneous pain
intentional diversion of attention
distraction
naturally produced morphine-like chemicals
endogenous opioids
oral dose that provides the same level of pain relief as a parenteral dose
equianalgesic dose
client’s pain assessment that is checked and documented, in addition to his or her temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
fifth vital sign
therapeutic technique in which a person enters a trance-like state
hypnosis
using the mind to visualize an experience
imagery
pain unresponsive to methods of pain management
intractable pain
method of relieving pain by instilling a narcotic or local anesthetic via a catheter into the subarachnoid or epidural space of the spinal cord
intraspinal analgesia
larger dose of a drug administered initially or when pain is intense
loading dose
period of time during which a client cannot self-administer intravenous pain medication
lockout
someone who pretends to be sick or in pain
malingerer
concentrating on a word or idea that promotes tranquility
meditation
last phase of pain impulse transmission when the brain interacts downward with spinal nerves to alter a pain experience
modulation
pain with atypical characteristics
neuropathic pain
chemicals that stimulate nociceptors
neuropeptides
nonnarcotic drugs
nonopioids
Nerve receptors that transmit pain impulses
nociceptors
narcotic drugs; synthetic narcotics
opioids
unpleasant sensation usually associated with disease or injury
pain
techniques for preventing, reducing, or relieving pain
pain management
The point at which sufficient pain-transmitting neurochemicals reach the brain to cause awareness of discomfort
pain threshold
Amount of pain a person endures once the pain threshold is surpassed
pain tolerance
Intervention that allows clients to self-administer pain medication
patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
conscious experience of discomfort
perception
pain management technique involving a combination of acupuncture needles and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS)
technique for releasing muscle tension and quieting the mind
relaxation
Inactive substance or treatment measure that charades as one that is legitimate
placebo
discomfort perceived in an area of the body away from the site of origin
referred pain
surgical sectioning of a nerve root close to the spinal cord
rhizotomy
discomfort generated from deeper connective tissue
somatic pain
the emotional component of pain
suffering
Medically prescribed pain management technique that delivers bursts of electricity to the skin and underlying nerves
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Conversion of chemical information at the cellular level into electrical impulses that move toward the spinal cord
transduction
Phase during which stimuli move from the peripheral nervous system toward the brain
transmission
discomfort arising from internal organs
visceral pain
