Chapter 20 Pain Management

Question 1

A technique that involves tissue compression to reduce pain

Answer 1

acupressure

Question 2

pain management technique in which long, thin needles are inserted into the skin

Answer 2

acupuncture

Question 3

discomfort of short duration

Answer 3

acute pain

Question 4

pain-relieving drug

Answer 4

analgesic

Question 5

drugs that assist in accomplishing the desired effect of a primary drug

Answer 5

adjuvants

Question 6

larger dose of a drug administered initially or when pain is intense

Answer 6

bolus

Question 7

technique in which the client learns to control or alter a physiologic phenomenon

Answer 7

biofeedback

Question 8

discomfort that lasts longer than 6 months

Answer 8

chronic pain

Question 9

Combination of conventional medical practice with nontraditional physical and nonphysical approaches for which there is some scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness; now called integrative medicine

Answer 9

complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapy

Question 10

drugs whose prescription and dispensing are regulated by federal law because they have the potential for abuse

Answer 10

controlled substances

Question 11

surgical interruption of pain pathways in the spinal cord

Answer 11

cordotomy

Question 12

discomfort that originates at the skin level

Answer 12

cutaneous pain

Question 13

intentional diversion of attention

Answer 13

distraction

Question 14

naturally produced morphine-like chemicals

Answer 14

endogenous opioids

Question 15

oral dose that provides the same level of pain relief as a parenteral dose

Answer 15

equianalgesic dose

Question 16

client’s pain assessment that is checked and documented, in addition to his or her temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure

Answer 16

fifth vital sign

Question 17

therapeutic technique in which a person enters a trance-like state

Answer 17

hypnosis

Question 18

using the mind to visualize an experience

Answer 18

imagery

Question 19

pain unresponsive to methods of pain management

Answer 19

intractable pain

Question 20

method of relieving pain by instilling a narcotic or local anesthetic via a catheter into the subarachnoid or epidural space of the spinal cord

Answer 20

intraspinal analgesia

Question 21

larger dose of a drug administered initially or when pain is intense

Answer 21

loading dose

Question 22

period of time during which a client cannot self-administer intravenous pain medication

Answer 22

lockout

Question 23

someone who pretends to be sick or in pain

Answer 23

malingerer

Question 24

concentrating on a word or idea that promotes tranquility

Answer 24

meditation

Question 25

last phase of pain impulse transmission when the brain interacts downward with spinal nerves to alter a pain experience

Answer 25

modulation

Question 26

pain with atypical characteristics

Answer 26

neuropathic pain

Question 27

chemicals that stimulate nociceptors

Answer 27

neuropeptides

Question 28

nonnarcotic drugs

Answer 28

nonopioids

Question 29

Nerve receptors that transmit pain impulses

Answer 29

nociceptors

Question 30

narcotic drugs; synthetic narcotics

Answer 30

opioids

Question 31

unpleasant sensation usually associated with disease or injury

Answer 31

pain

Question 32

techniques for preventing, reducing, or relieving pain

Answer 32

pain management

Question 33

The point at which sufficient pain-transmitting neurochemicals reach the brain to cause awareness of discomfort

Answer 33

pain threshold

Question 34

Amount of pain a person endures once the pain threshold is surpassed

Answer 34

pain tolerance

Question 35

Intervention that allows clients to self-administer pain medication

Answer 35

patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)

Question 36

conscious experience of discomfort

Answer 36

perception

Question 37

pain management technique involving a combination of acupuncture needles and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Answer 37

percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS)

Question 38

technique for releasing muscle tension and quieting the mind

Answer 38

relaxation

Question 39

Inactive substance or treatment measure that charades as one that is legitimate

Answer 39

placebo

Question 40

discomfort perceived in an area of the body away from the site of origin

Answer 40

referred pain

Question 41

surgical sectioning of a nerve root close to the spinal cord

Answer 41

rhizotomy

Question 42

discomfort generated from deeper connective tissue

Answer 42

somatic pain

Question 43

the emotional component of pain

Answer 43

suffering

Question 44

Medically prescribed pain management technique that delivers bursts of electricity to the skin and underlying nerves

Answer 44

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Question 45

Conversion of chemical information at the cellular level into electrical impulses that move toward the spinal cord

Answer 45

transduction

Question 46

Phase during which stimuli move from the peripheral nervous system toward the brain

Answer 46

transmission

Question 47

discomfort arising from internal organs

Answer 47

visceral pain