[peripheral blood film]

Answer 1

unstable RBC membrane structure: lipid dependent

Answer 2

spiculed RBCs

Answer 3

Burr cells projections are less extreme

Answer 4

DNA remnants in RBCs

Answer 5

Hyposplenism
Post-splenectomy

(normally removed by the spleen)

Answer 6

presence of immature neutrophils in peripheral blood

Answer 7

granules of siderocytes containing iron

Answer 8

abnormally shaped RBCs

Answer 9

up to 2%

Answer 10

hypermature white cells

Answer 11

hypermature neutrophils - the number of segments increase as it matures

Answer 12

RBCs stacked on top of one another

Answer 13

chronic inflammation
myeloma
paraproteinaemia

Answer 14

hereditary spherocytosis

haemolytic anaemia

Answer 15

fragmented RBCs

Answer 16

mechanical destruction of RBCs by fibrin bands

Answer 17

MAHA
HUS
TTP
DIC

Answer 18

mexican hat cells

Answer 19

liver disease
hyposplenism
thalassaemia

Answer 20

extra-medullary haematopoeisis

Answer 21

threadlike strands in a RBC in a loop or ‘8’ shape

Answer 22

pernicious anaemia
lead poisoning
severe infection

Answer 23

irregularly shaped RBCs

Answer 24

nucleated precursor cells not normally seen in the peripheral blood

Answer 25

raised WCC of >50 cells x10^9