People Flashcards
Saul Alinsky
Advocate of community organizing. “Reveille for Radical” 1946 Encourage those who are poor to become involved in American democracy.
Charles Abrams
Created NY housing authority. Published “The City is the Frontier”
Daniel Burnham
1909 Chicago Plan. First local Civic center. “Make no little plans. They no fire to stir men’s blood.”
Catherine Bauer Wurster
Founder of American housing policy and worked to reform police related to housing and city planning.
“Modern Housing in 1934” Advocated for affordable housing and improving housing for low income housing.
Rachel Carson
“Silent Spring” Effects of environmental pesticides
Robert Moses
Transformed NY public works in the 1930s-50s. (included highways, parks and public housing)
Fought with Jane Jacobs over building a highway through Greenwhich village.
Jane Jacobs
Focused on urban renewal. “ The Death and Life of Great American Cities”
Charles Lindblom
Political Scientist. Focused on Incrementalism as a decision making model.
“The Science of Muddling Through” 1959
Ebenezer Howard
Garden Cities.
“Tomorrow: A peaceful path to real reform” 1898
Frederick Law Olmsted. Sr.
Landscape architect. Son of Famous landscap architect. Designed Riverside, IL. and Central Park with Calvert Vaux. Planning Forest Hills gardens in queens.
1st President of American City Planning Institute.
Clarence Perry
Neighborhood Unit concept in Radburn, New Jersey.
1929 Regional survey of New York and its Environs.
Paolo Soleri
Architect. Designed Arcosanti the experiment utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on the natural environment.
Ian McHarg
“Design by Nature” Links Planning with natural environment.
Overlay Technique that was later used in basis of GIS.
Kevin Lynch
Wrote The Image of the City (1960), a groundbreaking look at how a city is viewed by its residents.
Mental mapping studies.
Sherry Arnstein
“A Ladder of Citizen Participation” for the Journal of the American Planning Association.
Sir Raymond Unwin
English town planner and designer of Letchworth, the first Garden City.
“Town Planning in Practice” 1909
Rexford Tugwell
Head of Resettlement Administration during the New Deal. Worked on the greenbelt cities program which sought construction of new, self-sufficient cities.
Edward Bassett
“Father of Zoning”.
Shaped the Standard City Zoning Enabling Act (1928) Wrote the first comprehensive zoning code for New York City in 1916.
Paul Davidoff
Developed the concept of the “advocacy planner” Founded the Suburban Action Institute in 1969, in which members challenged exclusionary zoning in courts, winning in Mt. Laurel case.
Patrick Geddes
“Father of regional planning”
“Cities in Evolution” 1915
Pierre Charles L’Enfant
Designed Washington, D.C. in 1791.
Influenced by the garden of Versailles, L’Enfant’s plan is a classic, monumental baroque plan superimposed on a grid.
Frank Lloyd Wright
Advocated low-density development in the book “Broadacre City - A New Community Plan” in 1935. focused on low density cities away from urban areas.
Charlotte Rumbold
Early 20th century housing and public recreation activist working in St. Louis.
Le Corbusier
Founding member of the Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), which advocated functional separation of land uses, highways, and high rises set in parks.
The Radiant City Envisioned superblocks and delineated between different uses such as housing, factors, and business.
Jane Addams
Settlement house activist, she co-founded Hull House in Chicago. Founder of the social work profession. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
Benton MacKaye
Founded the Appalachian Trail. Member of the RPAA.
John Nolen
First American to identify himself exclusively as a town and city planner. Designed many towns modeled after Garden Cities.
Florence Kelley and Mary Simkhovitch
Veterans of New York’s settlement house movement, founded the Committee on Congestion of Population in New York to look at solutions for overcrowding.
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives 1890, documenting squalid living conditions in New York City.
Benjamin Marsh
Organized the first national meeting on planning, the 1909 National Conference on City Planning, in Washington, D.C.
Harland Bartholomew
First full-time public-sector city planner in the United States.
Clarence Stein
Designer of Sunnyside Homes, Queens, and Radburn, New Jersey and strong proponent of Garden Cities. Wrote Toward New Towns for America (1957). Formed the RPAA.
Walter Christaller
Developed Central Place Theory in the 1930s.
Martin Meyerson and Edward Banfield
Published Politics, Planning, and the Public Interest: The Case of Public Housing in Chicago (1955), a landmark case study on race and public housing.
Lewis Mumford
“The City in History” 1961
Garden City advocate and member of the RPAA.
T.J. Kent
The Urban General Plan 1964.
It was considered the key reference for comprehensive planning for many decades.
William Whyte
“The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces”1980.
This book promotes the use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design.
“street life project” Looked at pedestrians and city dynamics.
F. Stuart Chapin
“Urban Land Use Planning” 1957.
This book became a common textbook on land use planning.
Norman Krumholz
Equity planning in Cleveland 1970s and helped make the needs of low-income groups the highest priority.
President of American Planning Association.
Flavel Shurtleffs
“Carrying out the City Plan” First American text book on Planning.
Ernest Burgesss
Concentric zoning
Homer Hoyt
Sector Theory
Peter Calthorpe
Concept of Transit Oriented Development in “The next American Metropolis”
Andres Duany
Designer of Seaside Florida and the Transitional Neighborhood Development Zoning Ordinance.
Joel Garreau
Author of Edge City. These cities are built at the “automobile scale” rather than the human scale and usually have at least 5 million square feet of leasable office space and 600,000 square feet of retail space, and have more jobs than bedrooms.
Jean Gottmann
“Megalopolis” From Boston to Washington D.C.
George Pullman
Town of Pullman. Built for factory workers and contained housing, churches, shopping, and Parks. Ran it like a private business. It is part of the City of Chicago now.
Edward Ullman
Multiple Nuclei Model.
Hippodamus
Father of urban planning. Ancient Greek urban planner, he developed the hippodamian plan or grid plan.
Donald Shoup
Author of The High Cost of Free Parking, which studies parking as key link between transportation and land use.
John Muir
Successfully petitioned for Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks in 1890s. Created the Sierra Club same time.
Robert Weaver
HUD’s first secretary, and first black cabinet member in 1966-1968.
Lawrence Veiller
Father of Modern Housing Code.
Recognized as the leading American proponent of housing standards, codes and enforcement during early 20th century. He campaigned successfully for the “new” tenement law of 1901.
Gifford Pinchot
First Director of the Forest Service, 1905
Helped initiate conservation movement
Randall Arendt
Author of Rural by Design, 1994
Alfred Bettman
known for his work (with Segoe) on the creation of the concept of a Capital Improvements Budget; his later successful defense of zoning before the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1926 Euclid v. Ambler Realty Company decision; and his work on the Herbert Hoover Committee that drafted both the 1924 Standard State Zoning Enabling Act and the 1928 Standard City Planning Enabling Act.
Ladislas Segoe
also drafted the 1928 Standard City Planning Enabling Act with Bettman, and in 1941 was the original author of what later became known as the “Green Book” (The Practice of Local Government Planning).
