Housing

Question 1

National Housing Act of 1934 (Capehart Act)

Answer 1

This housing act was part of the New Deal passed during the Great Depression. It established the Federal Housing Administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages.

Question 2

Housing Act of 1937 (Wagner-Steagall Act)

Answer 2

This Act tied slum clearance to public housing and provided subsidies paid by the U.S. government to local public housing agencies.

Question 3

National Housing Act of 1949

Answer 3

The first comprehensive housing legislation passed in the U.S. The Act called for the construction of 800,000 new housing units and emphasized slum clearance.

Question 4

Housing Act of 1954

Answer 4

This Act provided funding for planning for cities under 25K pop (701 funds). The Act also called for slum prevention and urban renewal.

Question 5

Housing Act of 1959

Answer 5

This Act made federal matching funds available for comprehensive planning at the metropolitan, regional, state, and interstate levels.

Question 6

Housing Act of 1961

Answer 6

This Act provided subsidies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent.

Question 7

Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act

Answer 7

This 1966 Act launched the “model cities” program, providing financial incentives for coordinated metro area planning.

Question 8

CDBG Program

Answer 8

The Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) was created under the Housing and Community Development Act (1974) and provided flexibility for communities to use federal funds for the improvement of blighted areas.

Question 9

Housing and Urban Development Act (1970)

Answer 9

aka New Communities Assistance Program. Title VII made largescale projects feasible. The law significantly expanded the concept of urban renewal to permit acquisition of land which was not blighted.

Question 10

Housing and Community Development Act (1974)

Answer 10

The Act created the CDBG program and the Section 8 housing voucher program (amending the 1937 legislation) that provides rent subsidies for low-income housing.

Question 11

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965

Answer 11

This Act created the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

Question 12

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968

Answer 12

This Act provided for the construction of six million subsidized housing units and authorized monthly subsidies for private houses for low-income families.

Question 13

Urban Development Action Grant Program (1977)

Answer 13

The UDAG program promoted public-private partnerships for the redevelopment of urban areas.

Question 14

National Manufactured Housing Construction
and Safety Act of 1974

Answer 14

This Act regulated manufactured housing units (“mobile homes”) for the first time

Question 15

Fair Housing Act (1968)

Answer 15

Titles VIII through IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 comprise the Fair Housing Act (FHA), an expansion of previous acts to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

Question 16

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (1944) aka GI Bill

Answer 16

Guaranteed home loans to veterans. The result was the rapid development of suburbs.

Question 17

NYC Tenement Housing Act of 1867

Answer 17

The first major housing code in the U.S. The Act required all rooms within tenements to have windows, but it did not require windows to open to the outside.

Question 18

NYC Tenement Housing Act of 1879

Answer 18

This law required that windows open to outside air, which resulted in the dumbbell tenement housing type, referred to as “Old Law Tenements.”

Question 19

NYC Tenement House Law of 1901

Answer 19

This law created “New Law” tenements and outlawed dumbbell tenements. It required wide light and air areas between buildings, as well as toilets and running water in each apartment unit.

Question 20

Public Works Administration (PWA) 1934

Answer 20

Created in 1934 following the Great Depression, provided 85 percent of the cost of public housing projects. This was the first federally supported public housing program.

Question 21

Resettlement Administration (1935)

Answer 21

In 1935, the Resettlement Administration used New Deal funds to develop new towns throughout the U.S. Three of these were the “Greenbelt” communities of Greendale, WI, Greenhills, OH, and Greenbelt, MD, which are all in existence today.

Question 22

Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990

Answer 22

Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990
The Act, signed by President George H. W. Bush, authorized the use of HOME funds for rental assistance

Question 23

Hope VI (1992)

Answer 23

Provided funds for the redevelopment of severely distressed public housing. Emphasized mixed-income neighborhoods and New Urbanist design principles.

Question 24

Consolidated Plan

Answer 24

A process (and document) through which a community identifies its housing, homeless and community development needs. Required to receive funding from HUD programs.

Question 25

Sweat equity

Answer 25

The interest or increased value in a property earned from labor put towards the restoration of a property. Habitat for Humanity is a sweat equity program.

Question 26

Urban homesteading

Answer 26

Used by a number of cities to encourage residents to occupy and renovate vacant properties. HUD allows for federally owned properties to be sold to homesteaders.

Question 27

Workforce housing

Answer 27

A term used for subsidized housing meant for teachers, nurses, police officers, and others in the workforce. The term is popular because it is seen as having less social stigma than "affordable housing." 80% 120% area median income.

Question 28

Community development banks

Answer 28

Banks that operate in low to moderate income areas. They are certified by the US Department of Treasury.

Question 29

Colonias

Answer 29

Unincorporated subdivisions with little or no infrastructure that are sold to low-income individuals. Colonias are located in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas, and their residents are predominantly Hispanic.

Question 30

Neighborhood Unit

Answer 30

The Neighborhood Unit Concept developed by Clarence Perry in 1929 defines a neighborhood based on a five-minute walking radius, with a school at its center. Each neighborhood is approximately 160 acres.

Question 31

HOME Program

Answer 31

The HOME Investment Partnerships Program was authorized by the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990. HOME is a federal block grant program that provides funding to states and localities for affordable housing.

Question 32

Pruitt-Igoe

Answer 32

A public housing development in St. Louis, first occupied in 1954, demolished in 1972. Its demolition marked a shift away from high-rise concentrated public housing.

Question 33

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (1975)

Answer 33

This federal law requires financial institutions to report mortgage data to the public.

Question 34

Community Reinvestment Act (1977)

Answer 34

This federal law encourages banks to meet the credit needs of low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. One of the aims of the CRA was to reverse the effects of redlining.

Question 35

Federal Home Land Act 1932

Answer 35

Encouraged homeownship by lowering its cost and longer terms by banks.

Question 36

Tax reform act 1986

Answer 36

Low income housing tax (LIHTC) program created.

Question 37

Mckinney - Vento Homeless assistance act 1987

Answer 37

Provides money for homeless shelters

Question 38

Americans with Disabilities act (ADA) 1990

Answer 38

Prohibits discrimination upon disability

Question 39

Supportive Housing

Answer 39

Housing that comes with supportive or special services for tenants to help live independently.

Question 40

Jobs-housing balance

Answer 40

Ratio of jobs to housing within community. Types of housing available so the employees can live and work in the same community.

Question 41

Housing Presevation

Answer 41

Preservation of older, market rate housing both in the owner occupied housing stock as well as with rentals..

Question 42

Inclusionary Housing

Answer 42

Requires developers or others to include housing units affordable to low to moderate income households in the market rate housing developments. *Can be voluntary or mandatory.

Question 43

Exclusionary Housing

Answer 43

One or multiple segments of the population, typically low-moderate income household, are excluded from housing within a development or a community.

Question 44

Low income housing Tax Credit (LIHTC)

Answer 44

Creates affordable housing. Allocating agencies are given an annual distribution of tax credits to help with the construction or rehabilitation of rental housing for lower income households.

Question 45

Housing choice vouchers (Section 8)

Answer 45

Assists low income households by providing a housing subside for rent.

Question 46

Affordable housing

Answer 46

Housing that is affordable to low to moderate income housing is standard metric used in the housing sector. 30% of income for housing.

Question 47

Rent control

Answer 47

Government control or other regulation for the amount of rent charged for rental housing.

Question 48

Public housing

Answer 48

Housing owned and managed by a housing agency (government agency) which rents to low income households.

Question 49

Housing Redlining

Answer 49

When mortgages are denied or limited on a certain neighborhoods because of the racial or ethnic make up of the residents living in the neighborhood, rather than their qualification and financial solvency

Question 50

Universal design

Answer 50

Making housing accessible to those of any physical ability or age.

Question 51

Supply and Demand

Answer 51

As more households compete for a certain type of housing or for housing in a particular location, the demand increases. if there is a low supply of housing, so that demand outpaces the supply, it can increase the cost of housing.

Question 52

Housing Need

Answer 52

Understanding the demand side for housing.

Question 53

Consolidated Plan

Answer 53

in 1995, HUD required local communities to prepare a Consolidated Plan in order to receive funding from HUD programs. A process and a document. Annual action and multi-year goals

Question 54

Consolidated planning process replaces the planning and application requirements for

Answer 54

Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME) Emergency Shelter Grant (ESG) Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA)

Question 55

By 2030, people over the age of 65 are expected to represent

Answer 55

20 percent of the US population. 1 out of 5 people.

Question 56

Homelessness

Answer 56

has risen over the last twenty years as a result of a growing shortage of rental housing and an increase in poverty.

Question 57

the first model tenement

Answer 57

1855, NYC

Question 58

Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act 1966, the launch of the model cities program

Answer 58

The Act provided financial incentives for coordinated metro area planning for open spaces, water supply, sewage disposal, and mass transit. It also established a loan guarantee program to encourage the development of "new communities." The Civil Rights Act of 1968 made racial discrimination in the sale or rental of housing illegal.

Question 59

New Communities Act of 1968

Answer 59

Provided funding for private development of new towns (Reston, VA; Columbia, MD)

Question 60

Housing-school linkages

Answer 60

schools in many cities have seen a resurgence in segregation and concentration of poverty. Because the quality of schools is a deciding factor for families, developers and others, some cities and planners around the United States are beginning to work school districts to help reduce the segregation and concentration of poverty issues within the school. This coordination is occurring not only with existing schools, but also as new schools are being considered.

Question 61

Jobs-housing balance

Answer 61

tool planners can use and looks at the ratio of jobs to housing within the community. Ideally, the types of jobs in a community would be matched by the types of housing available so that employees can live and work in the same community.

Question 62

Housing preservation

Answer 62

less about preservation of housing for historic purposes and more about the preservation of older, market rate housing—in both the owner- occupied housing stock as well as with rental units. In many cases, this type of housing is affordable to low and moderate income households; however, because of the deterioration of the housing units—because of disinvestment or from other factors, it becomes an easy target for redevelopment. The cost of the new construction will either cause the units to be market rate or there will be significant financial gaps to make the units affordable.

Question 63

Inclusionary housing

Answer 63

housing are often put into place as either policies or through a city’s zoning ordinance. In the most basic form, inclusionary housing requires developers or others to include housing units affordable to low- to moderate-income households in their market rate housing developments.can be voluntary or mandatory

Question 64

Exclusionary housing

Answer 64

one or multiple segments of the population—typically low- to moderate-income households, are excluded from housing within a development or a community. Regulatory barriers such as certain provisions in zoning ordinances, high fees, and design/housing code requirements can be perceived as exclusionary housing techniques.

Question 65

Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC)

Answer 65

Created as part of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the LIHTC program is an important resource for creating affordable housing. States and other LIHTC allocating agencies are given an annual distribution of tax credits to help with the construction or rehabilitation of rental housing for lower income households.

Question 66

Housing Choice Vouchers

Answer 66

sometimes called Section 8, is a federal program which assists low income households by providing a housing subsidy for rent. The vouchers are administered by a local public housing authority, which pays a subsidy directly to the landlord. The household then pays the difference between the subsidy and the rent charged (typically no more than 30% of their income). In general a household’s income may not exceed 50% of the area median income.

Question 67

HOPE VI program

Answer 67

provides funds from the federal government to states and communities to assist in constructing or rehabilitating affordable housing for those at 60% area median income or less. The program may also provide direct rental assistance.

Question 68

Affordable housing

Answer 68

housing that is affordable to low and moderate income households according to area median income.

Question 69

Housing affordability

Answer 69

the amount that a household can pay towards housing.

Question 70

% of household income and how much they can afford per month

Answer 70

30%

Question 71

Rent control

Answer 71

government control or other regulation for the amount of rent charged for rental housing. It limits how much a property owner can charge a renter

Question 72

Homelessness

Answer 72

“An individual who (1) lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence and (2) has a primary nighttime residents that is (a) a supervised, publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill), (b) an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized, or (c) a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings

Question 73

Public housing

Answer 73

Housing owned and managed by a housing agency (government agency), which rents to low income households.

Question 74

Supply and demand

Answer 74

Housing affordability can be dependent upon the supply of housing and the demand for that housing. As more households compete for a certain type of housing or for housing in a particular location, the demand increases. If there is a low supply of housing, so that demand outpaces the supply, it can increase the cost of housing.

Question 75

Housing need

Answer 75

is understanding the demand side for housing. Information on a community’s householder age, household size, household income, transportation costs and many other factors help to define what the housing need is in a certain community.

Question 76

Workforce housing

Answer 76

housing typically to those making 80% to 120% of area median income.

Question 77

Workforce housing

Answer 77

housing typically to those making 80% to 120% of area median income.

Question 78

Supportive housing

Answer 78

supportive or special services for tenants to help live as independently as possible. Services can include help with healthcare, jobs, meals, medication or personal needs, or other similar types of assistance.

Question 79

Zombie subdivisions

Answer 79

unfinished housing developments with at least some infrastructure in place that were left unfinished after the housing bubble burst.