Pelvic Region Lecture Flashcards
Major structures of the pelvic cavity (4)
Rectum
Repro orgns
Urinary bladder (and associated structures)
Related blood vessels and nerves
Pelvic girdle-Os Coxae parts
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Pelvic inlet and outlet boundaries
Inlet
- Promontory of the sacrum
- Arcuate line of the ilium
- Pecten of the pubis
Outlet
- Dorsal: 1st caudal vertebra
- Ventral: ischiatic arch
- lateral: sacrotuberous ligament
What part of the pelvic outlet boundary is absent in cats
Sacrotuberous ligament
Muscles in the pelvic diaphragm (2)
Levator ani (more medial)
Coccygous
What’s the clinical relevance of the muscles in the pelvic diaphragm?
Perineal hernias
What are the four connecting peritoneum in the pelvis
Mesorectum
Mesometrium
Lateral ligaments of the bladder
Median ligaments of the bladder
What is found in the lateral ligament of the bladder?
Fibrous cord called the round ligament of the bladder which is a remnant of the umbliical artery
What are the pelvic peritoneal reflections (4)
- Pararectal fossa
- Rectogentital pouch
- Vesicogenital pouch
- Pubovesical pouch
What pelvic peritoneal reflections communicate with one another?
Rectogenital pouch and vesicogenital pouch in females
Pubovesical pouch and rectogenital pouch in males
Pubovesical pouch and vesicogenital pouch in females
What arteries compose the distal aorta(terminal region)
External iliac artery
Internal iliac artery
Median sacral artery
External iliac arteries supply
Pelvic limb via femoral artery
Internal iliac arteries supply
Pelvic viscera
Median sacral artery supplies
Tail
What are the branches of the internal iliac artery(3)
Umbilical artery
Caudal gluteal
Internal pudenal (major supplier)
What is are the names if the umbilical a. is opened or closed
Open=cranial vesicle
Closed=round ligament
Branches of pudendal a. in males and females
Female=Vaginal a.
- Uterinel a.
- Middle rectal a.
Male=Prostatic a,
- artery of ductus deferens
- Middle rectal
Major ANS nerves for pelvic innervation (4)
Pelvic nerve
Hypogastric nerve
Pelvic plexus
Pudenal nerve
Pudendal nerve and pelvic nerve origination
S1,S2,S3 spinal cord segments
T/F Pelvic nerve is parasympathetic postganglionic
F
Parasympathetic preganglionic
T/F Pudendal nerve is sensory motor to skeletal muscle
T
What is pudendal nerve motor innervation to skeletal muscles associated with (2)
Pelvic region-External anal sphincter (via caudal rectal nerve) and bladder sphincter muscle
Repro
Pudendal nerve supplies what type of innervation
Sensory to the perineal region and repro structures
Purpose of bladder
Storage and voiding of urine
What kind of muscle does the bladder contain
Smooth muscle
–>Detrusor muscle
What are the three normal openings of the bladder
L and R ureters
Urethra
What are found at the neck of the bladder that allows urine storage
Internal and external urethral sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter muscle type and innervation
Smooth muscle
Sympathetic innervation
External urethral sphincter muscle and innervation
Urethralis muscle, skeletal muscle
Somatic innervation via pudendal nerve
Location of the bladder depends on
Distention of bladder (abdominal vs pelvis)
What protects urine from flowing backwards towards kidney
Pressure from distension of bladder
What is the trigone of the bladder
Triangular region at the neck of the bladder thats demarcated by the
openings for the ureters
Urethral orifice
What are the major blood supply branches to bladder?
Vaginal or prostatic a.
umbilical a via cranial vesicle-if patent
Major nerve supply to bladder (3)
Pelvic nerve
Hypogastric nerve
Pudendal nerve
Pelvic nerve:bladder
-type of innervation and action
Parasympathetic (voiding)
Sensory (detects distension)
Hypogastric nerve:bladder
-type of innervation and action
Sympathetic (storage)
Sensory (detects over distension)
Pudendal nerve:bladder
-type of innervation and action
Targets external urethral sphincter (urethralis m)
Sensory (urethra)
What is the ischiorectal fossa
Space in the region of the ischiatic table and rectum
Boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa
Medial:external anal sphincter, pelvic diaphragm
Ventral:internal obturator muscke
Lateral: Sacrotuberous ligament, superficial gluteal muscle
Caudolateral: skin
What is the ischiorectal fossa normally filled with (3)
Fat, blood vessels, nerves
Anal canal is the continuation of
-rectum is
Rectum to the anus
Rectum is external opening of the anal canal
What is the anal canal surrounded by
Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle) and an external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle)
Three zones of the anal canal
Columnar zone (anal columns=spaghetti)
Intermediate zone (anocutaneous line)
Cutaneous zone (fine hairs, circumanal glands, openings for the paranal sinuses AKA anal sacs
Paranal sinuses
- AKA
- What are they
- Where
Anal sacs
Sebaceous and apocrine glands line the paranal sinuses
Open at the anocutaneous line (4-5 oclock and 7-8 oclock)
External anal sphincter
-Innervated by
Skeletal muscle in EAS is innervated by caudal rectal nerve which is a branch of the pudendal nerve
Damage to what nerve can cause fecal incontinence
Caudal rectal n
What’s a neurologic exam you can do in perineal region
Perineal reflex
-Assesses the function of the pudendal nerve and sacral spinal cord segments S1-S3.
Critical for urinary and fecal competence
