Pelvic Region Lecture

Question 1

Major structures of the pelvic cavity (4)

Answer 1

Rectum
Repro orgns
Urinary bladder (and associated structures)
Related blood vessels and nerves

Question 2

Pelvic girdle-Os Coxae parts

Answer 2

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 3

Pelvic inlet and outlet boundaries

Answer 3

Inlet

• Promontory of the sacrum
• Arcuate line of the ilium
• Pecten of the pubis

Outlet

• Dorsal: 1st caudal vertebra
• Ventral: ischiatic arch
• lateral: sacrotuberous ligament

Question 4

What part of the pelvic outlet boundary is absent in cats

Answer 4

Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 5

Muscles in the pelvic diaphragm (2)

Answer 5

Levator ani (more medial)

Coccygous

Question 6

What’s the clinical relevance of the muscles in the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 6

Perineal hernias

Question 7

What are the four connecting peritoneum in the pelvis

Answer 7

Mesorectum

Mesometrium

Lateral ligaments of the bladder

Median ligaments of the bladder

Question 8

What is found in the lateral ligament of the bladder?

Answer 8

Fibrous cord called the round ligament of the bladder which is a remnant of the umbliical artery

Question 9

What are the pelvic peritoneal reflections (4)

Answer 9

• Pararectal fossa
• Rectogentital pouch
• Vesicogenital pouch
• Pubovesical pouch

Question 10

What pelvic peritoneal reflections communicate with one another?

Answer 10

Rectogenital pouch and vesicogenital pouch in females

Pubovesical pouch and rectogenital pouch in males

Pubovesical pouch and vesicogenital pouch in females

Question 11

What arteries compose the distal aorta(terminal region)

Answer 11

External iliac artery

Internal iliac artery

Median sacral artery

Question 12

External iliac arteries supply

Answer 12

Pelvic limb via femoral artery

Question 13

Internal iliac arteries supply

Answer 13

Pelvic viscera

Question 14

Median sacral artery supplies

Answer 14

Tail

Question 15

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery(3)

Answer 15

Umbilical artery

Caudal gluteal

Internal pudenal (major supplier)

Question 16

What is are the names if the umbilical a. is opened or closed

Answer 16

Open=cranial vesicle

Closed=round ligament

Question 17

Branches of pudendal a. in males and females

Answer 17

Female=Vaginal a.

• Uterinel a.
• Middle rectal a.

Male=Prostatic a,

• artery of ductus deferens
• Middle rectal

Question 18

Major ANS nerves for pelvic innervation (4)

Answer 18

Pelvic nerve
Hypogastric nerve
Pelvic plexus
Pudenal nerve

Question 19

Pudendal nerve and pelvic nerve origination

Answer 19

S1,S2,S3 spinal cord segments

Question 20

T/F Pelvic nerve is parasympathetic postganglionic

Answer 20

F

Parasympathetic preganglionic

Question 21

T/F Pudendal nerve is sensory motor to skeletal muscle

Answer 21

T

Question 22

What is pudendal nerve motor innervation to skeletal muscles associated with (2)

Answer 22

Pelvic region-External anal sphincter (via caudal rectal nerve) and bladder sphincter muscle

Repro

Question 23

Pudendal nerve supplies what type of innervation

Answer 23

Sensory to the perineal region and repro structures

Question 24

Purpose of bladder

Answer 24

Storage and voiding of urine

Question 25

What kind of muscle does the bladder contain

Answer 25

Smooth muscle | -->Detrusor muscle

Question 26

What are the three normal openings of the bladder

Answer 26

L and R ureters Urethra

Question 27

What are found at the neck of the bladder that allows urine storage

Answer 27

Internal and external urethral sphincter

Question 28

Internal urethral sphincter muscle type and innervation

Answer 28

Smooth muscle Sympathetic innervation

Question 29

External urethral sphincter muscle and innervation

Answer 29

Urethralis muscle, skeletal muscle Somatic innervation via pudendal nerve

Question 30

Location of the bladder depends on

Answer 30

Distention of bladder (abdominal vs pelvis)

Question 31

What protects urine from flowing backwards towards kidney

Answer 31

Pressure from distension of bladder

Question 32

What is the trigone of the bladder

Answer 32

Triangular region at the neck of the bladder thats demarcated by the openings for the ureters Urethral orifice

Question 33

What are the major blood supply branches to bladder?

Answer 33

Vaginal or prostatic a. | umbilical a via cranial vesicle-if patent

Question 34

Major nerve supply to bladder (3)

Answer 34

Pelvic nerve Hypogastric nerve Pudendal nerve

Question 35

Pelvic nerve:bladder | -type of innervation and action

Answer 35

Parasympathetic (voiding) Sensory (detects distension)

Question 36

Hypogastric nerve:bladder | -type of innervation and action

Answer 36

Sympathetic (storage) Sensory (detects over distension)

Question 37

Pudendal nerve:bladder | -type of innervation and action

Answer 37

Targets external urethral sphincter (urethralis m) Sensory (urethra)

Question 38

What is the ischiorectal fossa

Answer 38

Space in the region of the ischiatic table and rectum

Question 39

Boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa

Answer 39

Medial:external anal sphincter, pelvic diaphragm Ventral:internal obturator muscke Lateral: Sacrotuberous ligament, superficial gluteal muscle Caudolateral: skin

Question 40

What is the ischiorectal fossa normally filled with (3)

Answer 40

Fat, blood vessels, nerves

Question 41

Anal canal is the continuation of | -rectum is

Answer 41

Rectum to the anus Rectum is external opening of the anal canal

Question 42

What is the anal canal surrounded by

Answer 42

Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle) and an external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle)

Question 43

Three zones of the anal canal

Answer 43

Columnar zone (anal columns=spaghetti) Intermediate zone (anocutaneous line) Cutaneous zone (fine hairs, circumanal glands, openings for the paranal sinuses AKA anal sacs

Question 44

Paranal sinuses - AKA - What are they - Where

Answer 44

Anal sacs Sebaceous and apocrine glands line the paranal sinuses Open at the anocutaneous line (4-5 oclock and 7-8 oclock)

Question 45

External anal sphincter | -Innervated by

Answer 45

Skeletal muscle in EAS is innervated by caudal rectal nerve which is a branch of the pudendal nerve

Question 46

Damage to what nerve can cause fecal incontinence

Answer 46

Caudal rectal n

Question 47

What's a neurologic exam you can do in perineal region

Answer 47

Perineal reflex -Assesses the function of the pudendal nerve and sacral spinal cord segments S1-S3. Critical for urinary and fecal competence