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Anatomy > Pelvic Region Lecture > Flashcards

Pelvic Region Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Major structures of the pelvic cavity (4)

A

Rectum
Repro orgns
Urinary bladder (and associated structures)
Related blood vessels and nerves

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2
Q

Pelvic girdle-Os Coxae parts

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

Pelvic inlet and outlet boundaries

A

Inlet

  • Promontory of the sacrum
  • Arcuate line of the ilium
  • Pecten of the pubis

Outlet

  • Dorsal: 1st caudal vertebra
  • Ventral: ischiatic arch
  • lateral: sacrotuberous ligament
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4
Q

What part of the pelvic outlet boundary is absent in cats

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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5
Q

Muscles in the pelvic diaphragm (2)

A

Levator ani (more medial)

Coccygous

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6
Q

What’s the clinical relevance of the muscles in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Perineal hernias

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7
Q

What are the four connecting peritoneum in the pelvis

A

Mesorectum

Mesometrium

Lateral ligaments of the bladder

Median ligaments of the bladder

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8
Q

What is found in the lateral ligament of the bladder?

A

Fibrous cord called the round ligament of the bladder which is a remnant of the umbliical artery

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9
Q

What are the pelvic peritoneal reflections (4)

A
  • Pararectal fossa
  • Rectogentital pouch
  • Vesicogenital pouch
  • Pubovesical pouch
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10
Q

What pelvic peritoneal reflections communicate with one another?

A

Rectogenital pouch and vesicogenital pouch in females

Pubovesical pouch and rectogenital pouch in males

Pubovesical pouch and vesicogenital pouch in females

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11
Q

What arteries compose the distal aorta(terminal region)

A

External iliac artery

Internal iliac artery

Median sacral artery

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12
Q

External iliac arteries supply

A

Pelvic limb via femoral artery

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13
Q

Internal iliac arteries supply

A

Pelvic viscera

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14
Q

Median sacral artery supplies

A

Tail

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15
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery(3)

A

Umbilical artery

Caudal gluteal

Internal pudenal (major supplier)

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16
Q

What is are the names if the umbilical a. is opened or closed

A

Open=cranial vesicle

Closed=round ligament

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17
Q

Branches of pudendal a. in males and females

A

Female=Vaginal a.

  • Uterinel a.
  • Middle rectal a.

Male=Prostatic a,

  • artery of ductus deferens
  • Middle rectal
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18
Q

Major ANS nerves for pelvic innervation (4)

A

Pelvic nerve
Hypogastric nerve
Pelvic plexus
Pudenal nerve

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19
Q

Pudendal nerve and pelvic nerve origination

A

S1,S2,S3 spinal cord segments

20
Q

T/F Pelvic nerve is parasympathetic postganglionic

A

F

Parasympathetic preganglionic

21
Q

T/F Pudendal nerve is sensory motor to skeletal muscle

A

T

22
Q

What is pudendal nerve motor innervation to skeletal muscles associated with (2)

A

Pelvic region-External anal sphincter (via caudal rectal nerve) and bladder sphincter muscle

Repro

23
Q

Pudendal nerve supplies what type of innervation

A

Sensory to the perineal region and repro structures

24
Q

Purpose of bladder

A

Storage and voiding of urine

25
Q

What kind of muscle does the bladder contain

A

Smooth muscle

–>Detrusor muscle

26
Q

What are the three normal openings of the bladder

A

L and R ureters

Urethra

27
Q

What are found at the neck of the bladder that allows urine storage

A

Internal and external urethral sphincter

28
Q

Internal urethral sphincter muscle type and innervation

A

Smooth muscle

Sympathetic innervation

29
Q

External urethral sphincter muscle and innervation

A

Urethralis muscle, skeletal muscle

Somatic innervation via pudendal nerve

30
Q

Location of the bladder depends on

A

Distention of bladder (abdominal vs pelvis)

31
Q

What protects urine from flowing backwards towards kidney

A

Pressure from distension of bladder

32
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder

A

Triangular region at the neck of the bladder thats demarcated by the

openings for the ureters
Urethral orifice

33
Q

What are the major blood supply branches to bladder?

A

Vaginal or prostatic a.

umbilical a via cranial vesicle-if patent

34
Q

Major nerve supply to bladder (3)

A

Pelvic nerve
Hypogastric nerve
Pudendal nerve

35
Q

Pelvic nerve:bladder

-type of innervation and action

A

Parasympathetic (voiding)

Sensory (detects distension)

36
Q

Hypogastric nerve:bladder

-type of innervation and action

A

Sympathetic (storage)

Sensory (detects over distension)

37
Q

Pudendal nerve:bladder

-type of innervation and action

A

Targets external urethral sphincter (urethralis m)

Sensory (urethra)

38
Q

What is the ischiorectal fossa

A

Space in the region of the ischiatic table and rectum

39
Q

Boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa

A

Medial:external anal sphincter, pelvic diaphragm
Ventral:internal obturator muscke
Lateral: Sacrotuberous ligament, superficial gluteal muscle
Caudolateral: skin

40
Q

What is the ischiorectal fossa normally filled with (3)

A

Fat, blood vessels, nerves

41
Q

Anal canal is the continuation of

-rectum is

A

Rectum to the anus

Rectum is external opening of the anal canal

42
Q

What is the anal canal surrounded by

A

Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle) and an external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle)

43
Q

Three zones of the anal canal

A

Columnar zone (anal columns=spaghetti)

Intermediate zone (anocutaneous line)

Cutaneous zone (fine hairs, circumanal glands, openings for the paranal sinuses AKA anal sacs

44
Q

Paranal sinuses

  • AKA
  • What are they
  • Where
A

Anal sacs

Sebaceous and apocrine glands line the paranal sinuses

Open at the anocutaneous line (4-5 oclock and 7-8 oclock)

45
Q

External anal sphincter

-Innervated by

A

Skeletal muscle in EAS is innervated by caudal rectal nerve which is a branch of the pudendal nerve

46
Q

Damage to what nerve can cause fecal incontinence

A

Caudal rectal n

47
Q

What’s a neurologic exam you can do in perineal region

A

Perineal reflex
-Assesses the function of the pudendal nerve and sacral spinal cord segments S1-S3.

Critical for urinary and fecal competence

Anatomy (22 decks)

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