Exam 2 Things to Remember Flashcards
Examples of deep fascia
Carotid sheath
Thoracolumbar fascia
Deep antebrachial fascia
Extrinisic muscles innervated by the accessory nerve
Trapezius
Brachiocephalicus
Omotransversarius
Where are the superficial cervical and axillary lymph node
SFC LN-areolar tissue cranial to shoulder. Deep in the cervical part of cleidocephalicus
Axillary LN dorsal to deep pec muscle and caudal to axillary vein coming from arm
Surgical approach to the shoulder joint requires
Reflection of the teres minor muscle and cutting the tendon. Undermining aconeus muscle.
Surgical approach to the radius shaft requires
Approach between the extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor muscles
OR
Between common digital extensor and lateral digital extensor muscles.
Contents of the carotid sheath
Common carotid artery
Vagosympathetic trunk
Internal jugular vein
Tracheal lymphatic duct
Important sites for injection and venipuncture to withdraw blood
cephalic and external jugular vein
Spinal cord segments that contribute to the brachial plexus
C6-T2
Special things to remember in the cat
- Supracondylar foramen: brachial artery, median nerves passes through
- Radial artery is main blood supply to manus
- Omobrachial vein is absent
- Common interosseous artery artery is absent
Four branches of the left subclavian
- Internal thoracic artery
- Superficial cervical artery
- Costocervical artery
- Vertebral artery
How blood flows starting at left subclavian
L subclavian–>axillary artery–>brachial artery–>median artery(dog) or radial artery (cat)
What would extreme abduction of the forelimb cause?
Horner’s syndrome
Avulsion of the brachial plexus may pull roots from their attachment to the spinal cord with possible paralysis of muscles of the forelimb. (loss of sympathetic nerves)
Radial nerve vulnerability
Can be damaged below and above the elbow with different muscular dysfunctions.
Above elbow (proximal)=Inability to extend elbow, carpus, digits, sensory deficit
Brachial groove=Inability to extend carpus and digits, sensory deficit (can or not be)
What passes through the carpal canal
Median n
Median a
flexor tendons (DDF, SDF, flexor carpi radialis)
Suprascapular nerve damage causes what
Sweeney
Horner’s syndrome signs
Miosis-contraction of pupil
Enophthalmos-sunken eyeball
Ptosis-drooping of eye lids
Protrusion of 3rd eyelid
CNS origin of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
Craniosacral-parasympathetic=C3,7,9,10
Thoracolumbar-sympathetic=T1-L4
Boundaries of thoracic inlet
Lateral-1st ribs
Dorsal-T1
Ventral-manubrium
Muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, scalenus
Pattern of intercostal vessels to ribs relationship
Dorsal:costocervical trunk
Ventral:internal thoracic artery
What’s located at the bifurication of the trachea and farther out on bronchi?
tracheobronchial lymph nodes
Origin and pathway of thoracic duct
O-cisterna chyli
termination-venous circulation @ thoracic inlet
Origin of phrenic nerves
C5-7 spinal cord segments
Recurrent laryngeal nerves pathway
From vagosympathetic trunk: L turns around at aortic arch
R turns around at level of right subclavian
Esophageal hiatus
Esophagus
Vagus trunks
Aortic hiatus
Aorta
Azygous vein
Thoracic duct
Caval foramen
Caudal vena cava
Sympathetic stimulation
- Iris
- Bronchi
- Blood vessels
- Pupil dilation
- Dilation
- Constriction (alpha receptors)
- Dilation (beta receptors)
Parasympathetic stimulation
- Iris
- Bronchi
- Blood vessels
- Constriction
- Constriction
- Nothing…
Cell bodies of pregang neurons in CNS for ANS
Postgang bodies?
- Symp: T1-L4
- Psymp: C3,7,9,10
-Postgang:target tissue
Ramus communicans
Allows communication between spinal nerve (joining of dorsal and ventral root) to sympathetic trunk
Epaxial and hypaxial action
- Ep:extend back
- Hyp: help in flexion
