Heart (Lecture) Flashcards by Mary Miller

The fibroserous covering of the heart

pericardium

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3 parts of the pericardium

Inner parietal serous pericardium
middle fibrous pericardium
outer pericardial mediastinal pleura

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Where are the heart and the pericardium located in the mediastinum?

Middle

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The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm forms

The phrenicopericardial lgament

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The phrenicopericardial ligament is located where in the mediastinum?

Ventral

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Serous pericardium envelopes most of

the heart

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What adheres to the fibrous pericardium?

Parietal layer

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What layer tightly adheres to the heart?

Visceral layer or epicardium

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Where does the pericardial cavity reside?

Btw parietal and visceral serous pericardium.

Cavity contains pericardial fluid.

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Where do the great vessels attach to the heart?

Base

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Describe the apex of the heart

Faces ventrally, caudally and usually to the left depending on the shape of the thorax.

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What surface of the heart faces the left thoracic wall and the two tips of the auricles project on?

Auricular

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Auricles

Small appendages of each atrium

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What is the surface of the heart that faces the right thoracic wall

Atrial surface

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What groove lies between the atria and ventricles and contains coronary vessels and fat

Coronary groove

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What groove is on the auricular side of the heart and begins at the base of the pulmonary trunk and covered by the left auricle and adjacent to conus arteriosus (outflow of R ventricle).

Paraconal interventricular groove

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What groove is on the caudal aspect of the atrial surface ventral to the level of the coronary sinus that enters the right atrium

Subsinuosal interventricular groove

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What groove contains the terminal branch of the L coronary artery

Subsinosal interventricular groove

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What part of the heart receives blood from systemic veins and most of the blood from the heart itself

R atrium

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R atrium is divided into

Sinus venarum (blind cranial part)

R auricle

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What are the 4 openings into the sinus venarum of the R atrium?

Caudal vena cava (caudally)
Coronary sinus (ventrally)
Cranial vena cava (dorsally and cranially)
Right atrioventricular orifice (ventral and cranial to CS)

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Where does venous return enter into the heart?

Coronary sinus

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What is the large opening from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Right atrioventricular orifice/valve

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Dorsomedial wall of sinus venarum

Interatrial septum

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What's inbetween the two caval openings thats a transverse ridge of tissue

Intervenous tubercle

Purpose of the intervenous tubercle

Diverts blood from two caval veins to right atrioventricular valve.

What's caudal to intervenous tubercle and is a slitlike depression

Fossa ovalis

Fossa ovalis purpose in fetus

In fetus, there's an opening in the fossa (foramen ovale) that allows blood to pass from R to L atrium

Orientation of R auricle

R atrium that faces cranially and to the left

Describe pectinate muscles

Internal surface of wall of R auricle and on lateral wall of atrium. Interlacing muscular bands

The internal surface of the heart s lined with

Endocardium-think,glistening membrane

Pulmonary trunk orientation

Leaves right ventricle

Opening between R atrium and R ventricle

Atrioventricular valve

Two main parts n the atrioventricular valve

Parietal and septal cusp Pariteal cusp=wide and short flap extending from parietal wall Septal cusp=as wide as it is long and extends from septal margin.

Where is 60% of the heart

Left of midline

Where is the apex of the heart

Left of midline

What degree is the heart tilted

Where is the heart situated between the ribs?

3rd and 6th ribs

T/F Heart is mostly under cover of forelimbs

True

Can the right ventricle and auricle be seen from the left side?

Is the heart located in the mediastinum?

Yes

What is included in the sac that covers the heart? | AKA the pericardium

Pericardium - Mediastinal plura - Fibrous pericardium - Parietal layer of serous pericardium

Layers of serous pericardium

Visceral layer | Parietal layer

What are the 6 great vessels?

``` aorta cranial vena cava caudal vena cava pulmonary trunk pulmonary veins azygous vein (sometimes enters heart) ```

Name 4 structures that enter the right atrium

Cranial vena cava Caudal vena cava Azygous vein Coronary sinus

What are 10 structures you can see on auricular surface

- R auricle - L atrium - L auricle - R ventricle - L ventricle - Coronary groove - Conus arteriosus (part of right ventricle) - Paraconal interventricular groove - Paraconal interventricular branch of left coronary artery - Great cardiac vein

What are the L and R auricles also known as

L and R atrial appendages

Great cardiac vein enters R atrium as

Coronary sinus

3 major grooves of the heart

coronary groove paraconal interventricular groove subsinuosal interventricular groove

What are the fetal modifications in blood circulation (4)

- Foramen ovale: R atrium-->L atrium - Ductus arteriosus: PT-->Aorta - Umbilical vein: placenta-->liver - Umbilical arteries: pelvic limbs-->placenta

T/F Ligamentum arteriosum is on the L side of heart

What connects the flaps of AV valves to septal walls of ventricles?

Chordae tendineae

What attaches the chardae tendineae to septal wall?

papillary muscles

Trabeculae carneae

Muscular irregularities of the interior of the ventricular walls

Trabecula septomarginalis

Muscular strand that extends across the lumen of the ventricle from the septal to the parietal wall.

What gives rise to the pulmonary trunk?

Conus arteriosus

Pulmonary valve makeup Similar to?

3 semilunar cusps Nodule located at each free edge of cusp Similar to aortic valve

What kind of muscles are in the L auricle

pectinate

Valve of foramen ovale

remnant of passageway btw RA-->LA in fetus

What's the fribrous connection between the PT and aorta? What's it called in the fetus?

ligamentum arteriosum Ductus arteriosus

What artery leaves the right sinus of the aorta and encircles right side of coronary groove?

Right coronary artery

What are the characteristics of the left coronary artery

- 2x as large as righ - Leaves left aoritc sinus - 3 branches: circumflex branch and paraconal interventricular branch and subsinosal interventricular branch

What's the terminal end of the great cardiac vein

coronary sinus

Purpose of great vein

Returns blood supplied by heart via left coronary artery

Place where you can hear the best heart sounds

Puncta maxima

Puncta maxima valve locations

R AV-R 4th interspace low L AV-L 5th interspace low Aortic- L 4th interspace, lvl of shoulder Pulmonary- L 3rd interspace, low