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Heart (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

The fibroserous covering of the heart

A

pericardium

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2
Q

3 parts of the pericardium

A

Inner parietal serous pericardium
middle fibrous pericardium
outer pericardial mediastinal pleura

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3
Q

Where are the heart and the pericardium located in the mediastinum?

A

Middle

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4
Q

The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm forms

A

The phrenicopericardial lgament

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5
Q

The phrenicopericardial ligament is located where in the mediastinum?

A

Ventral

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6
Q

Serous pericardium envelopes most of

A

the heart

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7
Q

What adheres to the fibrous pericardium?

A

Parietal layer

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8
Q

What layer tightly adheres to the heart?

A

Visceral layer or epicardium

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9
Q

Where does the pericardial cavity reside?

A

Btw parietal and visceral serous pericardium.

Cavity contains pericardial fluid.

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10
Q

Where do the great vessels attach to the heart?

A

Base

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11
Q

Describe the apex of the heart

A

Faces ventrally, caudally and usually to the left depending on the shape of the thorax.

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12
Q

What surface of the heart faces the left thoracic wall and the two tips of the auricles project on?

A

Auricular

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13
Q

Auricles

A

Small appendages of each atrium

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14
Q

What is the surface of the heart that faces the right thoracic wall

A

Atrial surface

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15
Q

What groove lies between the atria and ventricles and contains coronary vessels and fat

A

Coronary groove

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16
Q

What groove is on the auricular side of the heart and begins at the base of the pulmonary trunk and covered by the left auricle and adjacent to conus arteriosus (outflow of R ventricle).

A

Paraconal interventricular groove

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17
Q

What groove is on the caudal aspect of the atrial surface ventral to the level of the coronary sinus that enters the right atrium

A

Subsinuosal interventricular groove

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18
Q

What groove contains the terminal branch of the L coronary artery

A

Subsinosal interventricular groove

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19
Q

What part of the heart receives blood from systemic veins and most of the blood from the heart itself

A

R atrium

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20
Q

R atrium is divided into

A

Sinus venarum (blind cranial part)

R auricle

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21
Q

What are the 4 openings into the sinus venarum of the R atrium?

A
  • Caudal vena cava (caudally)
  • Coronary sinus (ventrally)
  • Cranial vena cava (dorsally and cranially)
  • Right atrioventricular orifice (ventral and cranial to CS)
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22
Q

Where does venous return enter into the heart?

A

Coronary sinus

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23
Q

What is the large opening from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

Right atrioventricular orifice/valve

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24
Q

Dorsomedial wall of sinus venarum

A

Interatrial septum

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25
Q

What’s inbetween the two caval openings thats a transverse ridge of tissue

A

Intervenous tubercle

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26
Q

Purpose of the intervenous tubercle

A

Diverts blood from two caval veins to right atrioventricular valve.

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27
Q

What’s caudal to intervenous tubercle and is a slitlike depression

A

Fossa ovalis

28
Q

Fossa ovalis purpose in fetus

A

In fetus, there’s an opening in the fossa (foramen ovale) that allows blood to pass from R to L atrium

29
Q

Orientation of R auricle

A

R atrium that faces cranially and to the left

30
Q

Describe pectinate muscles

A

Internal surface of wall of R auricle and on lateral wall of atrium. Interlacing muscular bands

31
Q

The internal surface of the heart s lined with

A

Endocardium-think,glistening membrane

32
Q

Pulmonary trunk orientation

A

Leaves right ventricle

33
Q

Opening between R atrium and R ventricle

A

Atrioventricular valve

34
Q

Two main parts n the atrioventricular valve

A

Parietal and septal cusp

Pariteal cusp=wide and short flap extending from parietal wall

Septal cusp=as wide as it is long and extends from septal margin.

35
Q

Where is 60% of the heart

A

Left of midline

36
Q

Where is the apex of the heart

A

Left of midline

37
Q

What degree is the heart tilted

38
Q

Where is the heart situated between the ribs?

A

3rd and 6th ribs

39
Q

T/F Heart is mostly under cover of forelimbs

40
Q

Can the right ventricle and auricle be seen from the left side?

41
Q

Is the heart located in the mediastinum?

42
Q

What is included in the sac that covers the heart?

AKA the pericardium

A

Pericardium

  • Mediastinal plura
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Parietal layer of serous pericardium
43
Q

Layers of serous pericardium

A

Visceral layer

Parietal layer

44
Q

What are the 6 great vessels?

A 
aorta
cranial vena cava
caudal vena cava
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary veins
azygous vein (sometimes enters heart)
45
Q

Name 4 structures that enter the right atrium

A

Cranial vena cava
Caudal vena cava
Azygous vein
Coronary sinus

46
Q

What are 10 structures you can see on auricular surface

A
  • R auricle
  • L atrium
  • L auricle
  • R ventricle
  • L ventricle
  • Coronary groove
  • Conus arteriosus (part of right ventricle)
  • Paraconal interventricular groove
  • Paraconal interventricular branch of left coronary artery
  • Great cardiac vein
47
Q

What are the L and R auricles also known as

A

L and R atrial appendages

48
Q

Great cardiac vein enters R atrium as

A

Coronary sinus

49
Q

3 major grooves of the heart

A

coronary groove
paraconal interventricular groove
subsinuosal interventricular groove

50
Q

What are the fetal modifications in blood circulation (4)

A
  • Foramen ovale: R atrium–>L atrium
  • Ductus arteriosus: PT–>Aorta
  • Umbilical vein: placenta–>liver
  • Umbilical arteries: pelvic limbs–>placenta
51
Q

T/F Ligamentum arteriosum is on the L side of heart

52
Q

What connects the flaps of AV valves to septal walls of ventricles?

A

Chordae tendineae

53
Q

What attaches the chardae tendineae to septal wall?

A

papillary muscles

54
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

Muscular irregularities of the interior of the ventricular walls

55
Q

Trabecula septomarginalis

A

Muscular strand that extends across the lumen of the ventricle from the septal to the parietal wall.

56
Q

What gives rise to the pulmonary trunk?

A

Conus arteriosus

57
Q

Pulmonary valve makeup

Similar to?

A

3 semilunar cusps

Nodule located at each free edge of cusp

Similar to aortic valve

58
Q

What kind of muscles are in the L auricle

59
Q

Valve of foramen ovale

A

remnant of passageway btw RA–>LA in fetus

60
Q

What’s the fribrous connection between the PT and aorta? What’s it called in the fetus?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

Ductus arteriosus

61
Q

What artery leaves the right sinus of the aorta and encircles right side of coronary groove?

A

Right coronary artery

62
Q

What are the characteristics of the left coronary artery

A
  • 2x as large as righ
  • Leaves left aoritc sinus
  • 3 branches: circumflex branch and paraconal interventricular branch and subsinosal interventricular branch
63
Q

What’s the terminal end of the great cardiac vein

A

coronary sinus

64
Q

Purpose of great vein

A

Returns blood supplied by heart via left coronary artery

65
Q

Place where you can hear the best heart sounds

A

Puncta maxima

66
Q

Puncta maxima valve locations

A

R AV-R 4th interspace low

L AV-L 5th interspace low

Aortic- L 4th interspace, lvl of shoulder

Pulmonary- L 3rd interspace, low

Anatomy (22 decks)

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