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Anatomy > Abdomen Lecture > Flashcards

Abdomen Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The part of the trunk that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis

A

abdomen

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

Cranially-diaphragm

  • Caudally-pelvic inlet (T1, 1st ribs, 1st sternabrae)
  • Laterally-Abdominal muscles
  • Dorsally vertebral column and sub-lumbar muscles
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3
Q

Where is the peritoneal cavity

A

Within the abdominal cavity

Space btw parietal peritoneum and viseral

(it’s empty-NO ORGANS, just a little fluid)

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4
Q

Where are the kidneys in relation to the peritoneal cavity?

A

Behind the peritoneum

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

What is peritoneum?

What are the 3 types of peritoneum?

A

Loose CT covered by mesothelium

Parietal peritoneum-lines abdominal cavity
Visceral periotoneum-surrounds all organs in abdominal cavity
Connecting AKA mesentary

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6
Q

What’s the deepest layer of fascia

A

Transversalis fascia

Covers internal parts of muscles making up abdominal wall including diaphragm

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7
Q

Purpose of transversalis fascia

A

Lines abdominal wall and reinforces parietal peritoneum and attaches it to abdominal wall and diaphragm

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8
Q

Fold of peritoneum that passes from the umbilicus to the liver

A

Falciform ligament

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9
Q

Falciform ligament contains

A

Remnant of fetal structure-umbilical vein

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10
Q

Name four abdominal muscles named superficial to deep

A

External abdonminal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominus

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11
Q

What’s the external opening of a very short natural passageway through abdominal wall

What enters

A

Inguinal canal

Part of the external abdominal oblique that had split into two part and came together

Spermatic cord enters it via SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING

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12
Q

What’s the caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

A

Inguinal ligament

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13
Q

Fibers of internal abdominal oblique

A

Run cranioventrally

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14
Q

Fibers of transversus abdominus

A

Run transversely

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15
Q

Connecting peritoneum

A

Connects parietal and visceral peritoneums and holds blood vessels and nerves of suspended organs

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16
Q

Layers of greater omentum

A

Consists of 2 layers

  • ->Superficial layer
  • ->Deep layer
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17
Q

Superficial layer of greater omentum

A

Attaches greater curvature of the stomach

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18
Q

Deep layer of greater omentum

A

Attaches to the dorsal body wall just cranial to the cranial mesenteric artery.

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19
Q

Each layer of greater omentum

A

Is a double pertoneal sheet in which there are fat streaks and blood vessels and nerves

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20
Q

Superficial and deep layer of greater omentum and pelvic inlet

A

Superficial layer=towards pelvic inlet

Deep layer= away from pelvic inlet

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21
Q

Function of greater omentum

A

Can seek out inflammation or injury and goes and patches/mends inflammation.

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22
Q

What is the diaphragm

A

Muscular partition between thorax and abdomen

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23
Q

3 parts of diaphragm

A

costal, sternal, and lumbar

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24
Q

3 hiatuses in diaphragm

A

Caval foramen
Aortic hiatus
Esophagus hiatus

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25
Q

Caval foramen

A

caudal vena cava

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26
Q

Aortic hiatus

A

aorta, azygous vein, thoracic duct

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27
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus and vagal trunk

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28
Q

Abdominal cavity boundaries

A

Cranially-diaphragm
Caudally-pelvic inlet
Dorsally-Vertebral column and sub-lumbar muscles
Ventrally/laterally-the abdominal wall muscles

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29
Q

Where is the liver

A

Lies under cover the rib cage

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30
Q

6 lobes of liver

A 
left lateral
left medial
quadrate
right medal
right lateral 
caudate
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31
Q

Caudate lobe of liver has 2 processes

A

Caudate process of caudate lobe

Papillary process of caudate lobe

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32
Q

caudate process of caudate lobe

A

Right side

Makes an impression on cranial pole of right kidney

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33
Q

Papillary process of caudate lobe

A

Lies in the lesser curvature of the stomach

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34
Q

What does the gallbladder lie betweeN?

A

Quadrate lobe and R medial lobe

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35
Q

Cystic duct empties the

A

gallbladder

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36
Q

Hepatic ducts drain from

A

Liver

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37
Q

Cystic duct and hepatic ducts unite to form

A

Bile duct

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38
Q

Bile duct empties into

A

Duodenum

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39
Q

Where does the majority of the stomach lie?

A

Left of the midline

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40
Q

When empty, where does the stomach lie?

A

Under cover of ribcage

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41
Q

2 Curvatures of stomach

A

Greater curvature

Lesser curvature

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42
Q

2 sphincters of stomach

A

Cardiac sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

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43
Q

4 regions of stomach

A

Cardiac-inlet

Fundus

Body

Pyloric outlet

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44
Q

Orientation of cardiac inlet

A

Area where esophagus empties into stomach

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45
Q

Fundus, Body, Pyloric region orientation of stomach

A

Fundus=proximal 1/3

Body=middle 1/3

Pyloric= distal 1/3

46
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

Muscular sphincter between cardiac inlet and fundus

47
Q

Pylorus sphincter

A

Muscular sphincter between pylorus and pyloric canal

48
Q

Duodenum lies where in abdominal cavity

A

Right side (for the most part)

49
Q

5 parts of the duodenum

A

Cranial flexure

Descending part

Caudal flexure

Ascending part

Duodenojejunal flexure

50
Q

Trace the duodenum to the jenum

A

Begins at pylorus to right of median plane

Cranial duodenal flexure

Descending duodenum

Caudal duodenal flexure

Ascending duodenum (ascends to left rott of mesentary

Duodenojejunal flexure

Jejunum

51
Q

What is a reason you should cut through the linea alba in surgery?

A

Lack of blood vessels

52
Q

Duodenocolic ligament connects

A

Connects ascending duodenum to descending colon

53
Q

Two ducts of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic duct

Accessory pancreatic duct

54
Q

Pancreatic duct opens

A

Onto the “major” duodenal papilla (along side bile suct)

55
Q

T/F The pancreatic duct is more functional (dominant) in the dog

A

F

Cat

56
Q

Accessory Pancreatic duct open

A

Onto the “minor” duodenal papilla

57
Q

T/F The accessory pancreatic duct is more functional (dominant) in the dog

A

T

58
Q

T/F Dogs can lack the pancreatic duct

A

T

59
Q

What empties into the major duodenal papilla

A

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

60
Q

What empties into the minor duodenal papilla

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

61
Q

Jejunum for the most part is located where

A

Mid-abdominal region

62
Q

Canine abdomen jejunum extends from

A

Duodenojejunal flexure (left of the root of the mesentary) to the ileum (on right side of abdomen)

63
Q

What’s the longest portion of the small intestine

A

jejunum

64
Q

What’s the terminal portion of the small intestine

A

ileum (about 10 cm)

65
Q

What’s the clear demarcation between jejunum and ileum

A

There is none

66
Q

What does the ileum join

A

Joins ascending colon at the ileocolic orifice on right side of body

67
Q

Where does the ileum empty

A

Ascending colon via ileocolic orifice

68
Q

Where is the cecum located

A

Junction of ileum and ascending colon

69
Q

How does the cecum communicate with the ascending colon

A

Cecocolic orifice

70
Q

Describe dog cecum

A

S shaped blind pouch.

“Outpocketing” of the initial part of colon

71
Q

3 parts of colon

A

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Descending colon

72
Q

Location of ascending colon

A

R side of abdomen

73
Q

Location of transverse colon

A

Crosses R to L cranial to root of mesentary

74
Q

Location of descending colon

A

Descends on L side of abdomen toward pelvic inlet

75
Q

When does the rectum begin

A

As the descending colon enters into pelvis and continues to the anus

76
Q

Where is the spleen located and covered by

A

L side of abdomen against the abdominal wall

Under cover of last 2 ribs

77
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament

A

Attaches spleen to the stomach

78
Q

Position of kidneys in dog

A

Sublumbar

R lies beneath first 3 lumbar vertebrae

L lies beneath L vertebrae 2,3, and 4

So…L kidney lies further caudally in the abdomen

79
Q

T/F Kidney is usually surrounded by fat

A

T

80
Q

Ventral surface of kidney is covered by

A

Peritoneum (retroperitoneal=outside peritoneal cavity)

81
Q

What is the renal hilus

A

Area where the vessels/ureter enter or leave the kidney

82
Q

Define renal pelvis

A

Dilated part of ureter within kidney

83
Q

Define renal sinus

A

Fat filled space around the renal pelvis

84
Q

Define renal crest

A

Ridge that projects into the renal pelvis through which the collecting ducts excretes urine into the renal pelvis

85
Q

Orientation of pelvic recesses

A

Outward projections of renal pelvis

Project between the renal pyramids

86
Q

Renal pyramid formation

A

Formed by the medulla and project in between the pelvic recess

87
Q

What’s unique about cat kidneys

A

Contained capsular veins

88
Q

Where is bladder when it’s empty

A

Lies in pelvis

89
Q

As bladder fills where is it

A

Moves cranially over pelvic brim to lie on floor of abdomen

90
Q

When bladder is maximally filled where is it

A

May be at the level of the umbilicus

91
Q

Where is the feline bladder always?

A

Abdominal cavity

92
Q

A function of adrenal glands

A

Make epinephrine and noepinephrine

93
Q

What’s a good marker of the adrenal gland?

A

“Cut in half” by phrenicoabdominal vein

94
Q

What are the 3 things that make up the uterus

Shape of uterus

A

Neck (cervix uteril)

Short body (corpus uteri)

Two horns (cornua uteri dextrum et sinistrum)

Y shaped

95
Q

What does the uterus communicate with?

A

Cranially=uterine tubes

Caudally=vagina

96
Q

What does the connecting peritoneum do

A

Folds of peritoneum that connect parietal and visceral peritoneum

97
Q

What are 3 special names of connecting peritoneum

A

Omentum, mesentaries, ligaments

98
Q

Mesentaries (connecting peritoneum) purpose

A

From viscera to the dorsal abdominal wall

99
Q

Omentum (connecting peritoneum) purpose

A

from stomach to other visera

100
Q

Ligaments (connecting peritoneum) purpose

A

From viscera to abdominal wall or other viscera

101
Q

Examples of mesentaries (connecting peritoneum)

A

Mesoduodenum

Mesocolon

Mesorectum

102
Q

Where is the great mesentary

What does it consist of

A

Extends from jejunum and ileum to dorsal abdominal wall

Mesojejunum/mesoileum

103
Q

Root of mesentary attaches

A

around origin of the cranial mesenteric artery

104
Q

Examples of omentum (connecting peritoneum)

A

Lesser omentum

Greater omentum

105
Q

Lesser omentum (connecting peritoneum)-where

A

Runs from lesser curvature of stomach to liver

Easiest to see it covering the papillary process of caudate lobe of liver

106
Q

Greater omentum (connecting peritoneum)-where

Covers what

A

Runs from greater curvature of stomach and proximal part of the duodenum

Covers jejunal mass on ventral abdominal wall

107
Q

Layers of greater omentum

Pouch

A

Superficial and deep layer

Pouch between the superficial and and deep layer is omental bursae

108
Q

Opening of omental bursa

A

Epiploic foramen

109
Q

Epiploic foramen boundaries

A

Ventrally-peritoneum covering portal vein in hepatoduodenal ligament

Dorsally-covering of caudal vena cava

Caudally-by hepatic artery covered by mesoduodenum

Cranially-liver

110
Q

If you cover the epiploic foramen, what would happen?

A

Compress ventral border which will deprive liver of blood due to occluding portal vein and hepatic artery

Anatomy (22 decks)

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