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Abdomen Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The part of the trunk that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis

A

abdomen

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

Cranially-diaphragm

  • Caudally-pelvic inlet (T1, 1st ribs, 1st sternabrae)
  • Laterally-Abdominal muscles
  • Dorsally vertebral column and sub-lumbar muscles
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3
Q

Where is the peritoneal cavity

A

Within the abdominal cavity

Space btw parietal peritoneum and viseral

(it’s empty-NO ORGANS, just a little fluid)

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4
Q

Where are the kidneys in relation to the peritoneal cavity?

A

Behind the peritoneum

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

What is peritoneum?

What are the 3 types of peritoneum?

A

Loose CT covered by mesothelium

Parietal peritoneum-lines abdominal cavity
Visceral periotoneum-surrounds all organs in abdominal cavity
Connecting AKA mesentary

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6
Q

What’s the deepest layer of fascia

A

Transversalis fascia

Covers internal parts of muscles making up abdominal wall including diaphragm

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7
Q

Purpose of transversalis fascia

A

Lines abdominal wall and reinforces parietal peritoneum and attaches it to abdominal wall and diaphragm

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8
Q

Fold of peritoneum that passes from the umbilicus to the liver

A

Falciform ligament

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9
Q

Falciform ligament contains

A

Remnant of fetal structure-umbilical vein

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10
Q

Name four abdominal muscles named superficial to deep

A

External abdonminal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominus

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11
Q

What’s the external opening of a very short natural passageway through abdominal wall

What enters

A

Inguinal canal

Part of the external abdominal oblique that had split into two part and came together

Spermatic cord enters it via SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING

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12
Q

What’s the caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

A

Inguinal ligament

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13
Q

Fibers of internal abdominal oblique

A

Run cranioventrally

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14
Q

Fibers of transversus abdominus

A

Run transversely

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15
Q

Connecting peritoneum

A

Connects parietal and visceral peritoneums and holds blood vessels and nerves of suspended organs

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16
Q

Layers of greater omentum

A

Consists of 2 layers

  • ->Superficial layer
  • ->Deep layer
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17
Q

Superficial layer of greater omentum

A

Attaches greater curvature of the stomach

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18
Q

Deep layer of greater omentum

A

Attaches to the dorsal body wall just cranial to the cranial mesenteric artery.

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19
Q

Each layer of greater omentum

A

Is a double pertoneal sheet in which there are fat streaks and blood vessels and nerves

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20
Q

Superficial and deep layer of greater omentum and pelvic inlet

A

Superficial layer=towards pelvic inlet

Deep layer= away from pelvic inlet

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21
Q

Function of greater omentum

A

Can seek out inflammation or injury and goes and patches/mends inflammation.

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22
Q

What is the diaphragm

A

Muscular partition between thorax and abdomen

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23
Q

3 parts of diaphragm

A

costal, sternal, and lumbar

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24
Q

3 hiatuses in diaphragm

A

Caval foramen
Aortic hiatus
Esophagus hiatus

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25
Caval foramen
caudal vena cava
26
Aortic hiatus
aorta, azygous vein, thoracic duct
27
Esophageal hiatus
esophagus and vagal trunk
28
Abdominal cavity boundaries
Cranially-diaphragm Caudally-pelvic inlet Dorsally-Vertebral column and sub-lumbar muscles Ventrally/laterally-the abdominal wall muscles
29
Where is the liver
Lies under cover the rib cage
30
6 lobes of liver
``` left lateral left medial quadrate right medal right lateral caudate ```
31
Caudate lobe of liver has 2 processes
Caudate process of caudate lobe | Papillary process of caudate lobe
32
caudate process of caudate lobe
Right side | Makes an impression on cranial pole of right kidney
33
Papillary process of caudate lobe
Lies in the lesser curvature of the stomach
34
What does the gallbladder lie betweeN?
Quadrate lobe and R medial lobe
35
Cystic duct empties the
gallbladder
36
Hepatic ducts drain from
Liver
37
Cystic duct and hepatic ducts unite to form
Bile duct
38
Bile duct empties into
Duodenum
39
Where does the majority of the stomach lie?
Left of the midline
40
When empty, where does the stomach lie?
Under cover of ribcage
41
2 Curvatures of stomach
Greater curvature Lesser curvature
42
2 sphincters of stomach
Cardiac sphincter Pyloric sphincter
43
4 regions of stomach
Cardiac-inlet Fundus Body Pyloric outlet
44
Orientation of cardiac inlet
Area where esophagus empties into stomach
45
Fundus, Body, Pyloric region orientation of stomach
Fundus=proximal 1/3 Body=middle 1/3 Pyloric= distal 1/3
46
Cardiac sphincter
Muscular sphincter between cardiac inlet and fundus
47
Pylorus sphincter
Muscular sphincter between pylorus and pyloric canal
48
Duodenum lies where in abdominal cavity
Right side (for the most part)
49
5 parts of the duodenum
Cranial flexure Descending part Caudal flexure Ascending part Duodenojejunal flexure
50
Trace the duodenum to the jenum
Begins at pylorus to right of median plane Cranial duodenal flexure Descending duodenum Caudal duodenal flexure Ascending duodenum (ascends to left rott of mesentary Duodenojejunal flexure Jejunum
51
What is a reason you should cut through the linea alba in surgery?
Lack of blood vessels
52
Duodenocolic ligament connects
Connects ascending duodenum to descending colon
53
Two ducts of the pancreas
Pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct
54
Pancreatic duct opens
Onto the "major" duodenal papilla (along side bile suct)
55
T/F The pancreatic duct is more functional (dominant) in the dog
F Cat
56
Accessory Pancreatic duct open
Onto the "minor" duodenal papilla
57
T/F The accessory pancreatic duct is more functional (dominant) in the dog
T
58
T/F Dogs can lack the pancreatic duct
T
59
What empties into the major duodenal papilla
Bile duct and pancreatic duct
60
What empties into the minor duodenal papilla
Accessory pancreatic duct
61
Jejunum for the most part is located where
Mid-abdominal region
62
Canine abdomen jejunum extends from
Duodenojejunal flexure (left of the root of the mesentary) to the ileum (on right side of abdomen)
63
What's the longest portion of the small intestine
jejunum
64
What's the terminal portion of the small intestine
ileum (about 10 cm)
65
What's the clear demarcation between jejunum and ileum
There is none
66
What does the ileum join
Joins ascending colon at the ileocolic orifice on right side of body
67
Where does the ileum empty
Ascending colon via ileocolic orifice
68
Where is the cecum located
Junction of ileum and ascending colon
69
How does the cecum communicate with the ascending colon
Cecocolic orifice
70
Describe dog cecum
S shaped blind pouch. "Outpocketing" of the initial part of colon
71
3 parts of colon
Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon
72
Location of ascending colon
R side of abdomen
73
Location of transverse colon
Crosses R to L cranial to root of mesentary
74
Location of descending colon
Descends on L side of abdomen toward pelvic inlet
75
When does the rectum begin
As the descending colon enters into pelvis and continues to the anus
76
Where is the spleen located and covered by
L side of abdomen against the abdominal wall Under cover of last 2 ribs
77
Gastrosplenic ligament
Attaches spleen to the stomach
78
Position of kidneys in dog
Sublumbar R lies beneath first 3 lumbar vertebrae L lies beneath L vertebrae 2,3, and 4 So...L kidney lies further caudally in the abdomen
79
T/F Kidney is usually surrounded by fat
T
80
Ventral surface of kidney is covered by
Peritoneum (retroperitoneal=outside peritoneal cavity)
81
What is the renal hilus
Area where the vessels/ureter enter or leave the kidney
82
Define renal pelvis
Dilated part of ureter within kidney
83
Define renal sinus
Fat filled space around the renal pelvis
84
Define renal crest
Ridge that projects into the renal pelvis through which the collecting ducts excretes urine into the renal pelvis
85
Orientation of pelvic recesses
Outward projections of renal pelvis Project between the renal pyramids
86
Renal pyramid formation
Formed by the medulla and project in between the pelvic recess
87
What's unique about cat kidneys
Contained capsular veins
88
Where is bladder when it's empty
Lies in pelvis
89
As bladder fills where is it
Moves cranially over pelvic brim to lie on floor of abdomen
90
When bladder is maximally filled where is it
May be at the level of the umbilicus
91
Where is the feline bladder always?
Abdominal cavity
92
A function of adrenal glands
Make epinephrine and noepinephrine
93
What's a good marker of the adrenal gland?
"Cut in half" by phrenicoabdominal vein
94
What are the 3 things that make up the uterus Shape of uterus
Neck (cervix uteril) Short body (corpus uteri) Two horns (cornua uteri dextrum et sinistrum) Y shaped
95
What does the uterus communicate with?
Cranially=uterine tubes Caudally=vagina
96
What does the connecting peritoneum do
Folds of peritoneum that connect parietal and visceral peritoneum
97
What are 3 special names of connecting peritoneum
Omentum, mesentaries, ligaments
98
Mesentaries (connecting peritoneum) purpose
From viscera to the dorsal abdominal wall
99
Omentum (connecting peritoneum) purpose
from stomach to other visera
100
Ligaments (connecting peritoneum) purpose
From viscera to abdominal wall or other viscera
101
Examples of mesentaries (connecting peritoneum)
Mesoduodenum Mesocolon Mesorectum
102
Where is the great mesentary What does it consist of
Extends from jejunum and ileum to dorsal abdominal wall Mesojejunum/mesoileum
103
Root of mesentary attaches
around origin of the cranial mesenteric artery
104
Examples of omentum (connecting peritoneum)
Lesser omentum Greater omentum
105
Lesser omentum (connecting peritoneum)-where
Runs from lesser curvature of stomach to liver Easiest to see it covering the papillary process of caudate lobe of liver
106
Greater omentum (connecting peritoneum)-where Covers what
Runs from greater curvature of stomach and proximal part of the duodenum Covers jejunal mass on ventral abdominal wall
107
Layers of greater omentum Pouch
Superficial and deep layer Pouch between the superficial and and deep layer is omental bursae
108
Opening of omental bursa
Epiploic foramen
109
Epiploic foramen boundaries
Ventrally-peritoneum covering portal vein in hepatoduodenal ligament Dorsally-covering of caudal vena cava Caudally-by hepatic artery covered by mesoduodenum Cranially-liver
110
If you cover the epiploic foramen, what would happen?
Compress ventral border which will deprive liver of blood due to occluding portal vein and hepatic artery

Anatomy (22 decks)

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