Joints of the Thoracic Limb

Question 1

Humeral (shoulder joint, glenohumeral)

Answer 1

• Medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments

- Transverse humeral retinaculum

Question 2

Where is the humeral joint

Answer 2

Ball-and-socket joint between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.

Question 3

Chief movements of the humeral joint

Answer 3

Extension and flexion

Question 4

Medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments

Answer 4

Poorly developed thickenings of the fribrous part of the humeral joint capsule. Medial glenohumeral ligament lesser tubercle to glenoid cavity.
Lateral glenohumeral ligament greater tubercle to glenoid cavity

Question 5

Transverse humeral retinaculum

Answer 5

Collagenous thickening across tendon of origin of the biceps at the intertubercular groove (medial side).

Question 6

Elbow joint

Answer 6

Lateral and medial collateral ligaments

Question 7

Where is the elbow joint

Answer 7

Hinge joint formed by the condyle of the humerus, head of the radius, and trochlear notch of the ulna.

Question 8

Lateral and medal collateral ligament

Answer 8

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) is covered by biceps and brachilais tendons. MCL connects medial coronoid process of ulna to medial epicondyle of humerus.
LCL lateral coronoid process of ulna to lateral epicondle of humerus.

Question 9

Carpal Joint components (3)

Answer 9

1-Antebrachiocarpal joint between radius and ulna articulating with the intermedioradial and ulnar carpal bones
2-Middle carpal joint between two rows of carpal bones
3-Carpometacarpal joint between the distal row of carpal bones the metacarpals.

Question 10

Carpal joint communications

Answer 10

Antebrachiocarpal joint does not communicate with the middle carpal joint

Middle carpal and carpometacarpal joint communicate between the distal row of carpal bones.

Question 11

Metcarpophalangeal joint

Answer 11

Each joint includes two proimal sesamoids in the tendons of the interossei which articulate with the flexor surface of the metacarpal head.

Question 12

What 3 joints are the articulations for each main digit and what are they supported by?

Answer 12

Metacarpophalangeal jt
proximal interphalangeal jt
distal interphalangeal jt

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments support these.

Question 13

Flexor manica`

Answer 13

Tendon of superficial digital flexor that divides into four parts of equal size. At the metacarpophalangeal jt each forms a collar- the flexor manica

Question 14

Carpal canal

Answer 14

Formed by the accessory carpal bone laterally, the palmar carpal ligament and the carpal bones dorsally, and the flexor retinaculum on the palmar surface.

Question 15

Dorsal ligament

Answer 15

Lies on each side of the common digital extensor tendon. Attaches to dorsal surface of ungual crest and sides of the base of the middle phalanx.
Elasticity allows distal interphalangeal joint to hyperextend and retract claws.

Question 16

Palmar carpal ligament

Answer 16

Thick fibrous layer that firmly attaches to the bones of the carpus. Prevents collapse of carpus when wt bearing, Forms dorsal boundary of the carpal canal.