Female Repro Flashcards
What is the medical term for spaying
Ovariohysterectomy
What are some clinical relevant conditions in intact females?
Pyrometra
Dystocia
Mammary tumors
Vaginal prolapse/perivulval dermatitis
Cystic ovaries or ovarian tumor
What is clinically relevant about pyrometra?
Uterus is full of pus and stretched very thin
Some contents in the uterus may spill to the peritoneal cavity through the infundibulum and cause peritonitis
Ovaries and uterus should be surgically removed gently
T/F Dogs have a set number of mammae
F
Avg 5
What mammae is most associated with tumors?
Inguinal mammary glands
Dystocia can be due to:
Abnormalities of the birth canal
Uterine inertia
Fetal malposition
Fetal oversize
What determines the sex of an embryo
Gonadal primordium
XY or XX
T/F Remnant of the opposite sex may remain at adulthood
T
Female remnant in male
Uterus masculinus
-Regressed paramesonephric duct
Male remnant in female
Paraovarian cysts
-Regressed mesonephric duct
What SPECIFICALLY determines the sex of an embryo
Testis-determining factor (TDF)
AKA the sex determining region Y (SRY) protein on the Y chromosome
Females lack SRY protein
Males have SRY protein
Distrubances in the mechanism of prenatal development of the female/male genital tracts can lead to
Reproductive anomalies
What affects the gross appearance of the female repro tract?
Age
-Regression of ovary with age)
Functional changes
- Transient:estrus cycle
- Long:pregnancy
Contours of ovary are less regular in follicular and luteal phases when?
Estrus cycle
T/F Uterine tubes are paires
T
What is the primary repro organ of bitch and queen?
ovary
What takes place at the ovaries?
Site for repro, maturation, and release of ova (follicles or eggs) which affects contour or shape of ovary
What repro hormones are released from the ovary
Estrogen
Progesterone
Which ovaries are more concealed with fat: bitch or queen
bitch
What is the location of the ovaries
Asymmetric
R ovary: descending duodenum
L ovary: descending colon
(Right behind kidneys)
Suspensory ligament of the ovary suspends..
Cranial pole of ovary to dorsal aspect of rib 13
Proper ligament of the ovary suspends…
Caudal pole to tip of the uterine horn
What is the peritoneal sac that encloses the ovary
Ovarian bursa
What forms the ovaran bursan
Mesovarium and mesoslpinx (follows unterine tube)
T/F The ovarian bursa has an opening to the peritoneal cavity. Problem?
T
Abdominal ostium of uterine tube allows opening to peritoneal cavity
Can lead to ascending infections: pyrometra
Does the male or female duct system a closed system?
Female
What are the parts of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum
Ascending part
Descending part
–>Ampulla isthmus
Mesosalpinx
Tubouterine junction
What are the sections of the infundibulum
Fimbria
Abdominal ostium
What is the site of fertilization?
Ampulla
What determines the shape of the uterus?
The degree of fusion of paramesonephric ducts or lack of fustion
What are the 3 types of uterine shapes and give example of each species with it
Duplex (2 cervixes)
-Marsupials and rabbits
Bicornuate
- Mare and cow
- Bitch, queen, sow
Simplex (no uterine horn)
-Primate
Which uterine shape has highly developed uterine horns. What is an advantage?
Bicornuate
Y shaped that s set for multiple offsprings
Describe the location of the uterus
In abdominal gutter (roof) dorsal to intestines
Caudal abdomen/pelvis: dorsal to bladder and ventral to descending colon/rectum
What are 3 parts of the uterus
Uterine horns
Uterine body
Uterine cervix
What are 3 parts of the broad ligament
Mesometrum
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
What are the 3 parts of the cervix
Internal uterine ostium
Cerival canal
External uterine ostium
What kind of folds are in the vagina?
Longitudinal and circular folds
Where is the vagina located?
Between cervix and vestibule
What is the slope of the vestibule?
Caudoventrally at 45-50 degress
Where is the vestibule
Between the vagina and vulva
How should you conduct a vaginal smear?
Angle of insertion of Q tip
Craniodorsal initially until passing ischial arch
Then straightened and insertion continued cranially
What s a chromosomal disorder associated with female repro tract?
Clitoral hypertrophy
The urethra does not pass through the enlarged clitoris
Develops in bitches with hyperadrenocorticism
Explain the vulva
Two labia meeting at dorsal (round) and ventral (pointed) commissures
Urogental opening-rima pudendi
What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm and perineum in female repro tract?
Rectococcygeus
External anal sphincter
Constrictor vestibuli
Coccygeus
Leavtor ani
What is the function of the placenta?
Combines the roles of the lungs, GI, and kidney
What’s a specific type of placenta?
Zonary placenta
In spaying, what arteries do you need to isolate and ligate
Ovarian and uterine a
What is the origin of the ovarian a
aorta
What is the origin of the uterine a
vaginal a
What is the origin of the vaginal a
Internal pudendal
What structure is the uterine a close to
Cervix
T/F female innercation has same pattern as male
T
Caudal rectal n and a positions
4 and 8 o’clock
Pudendal n branches
Caudal rectal n
-perineal branches: superficial (sensory) and deep (motor)
Dorsal n of clitoris
What is involved in an ovariohysterectomy?
suspensory ligament
ovarian a
uterine a
cervix
