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Anatomy > Female Repro > Flashcards

Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medical term for spaying

A

Ovariohysterectomy

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2
Q

What are some clinical relevant conditions in intact females?

A

Pyrometra

Dystocia

Mammary tumors

Vaginal prolapse/perivulval dermatitis

Cystic ovaries or ovarian tumor

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3
Q

What is clinically relevant about pyrometra?

A

Uterus is full of pus and stretched very thin

Some contents in the uterus may spill to the peritoneal cavity through the infundibulum and cause peritonitis

Ovaries and uterus should be surgically removed gently

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4
Q

T/F Dogs have a set number of mammae

A

F

Avg 5

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5
Q

What mammae is most associated with tumors?

A

Inguinal mammary glands

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6
Q

Dystocia can be due to:

A

Abnormalities of the birth canal

Uterine inertia

Fetal malposition

Fetal oversize

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7
Q

What determines the sex of an embryo

A

Gonadal primordium

XY or XX

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8
Q

T/F Remnant of the opposite sex may remain at adulthood

A

T

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9
Q

Female remnant in male

A

Uterus masculinus

-Regressed paramesonephric duct

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10
Q

Male remnant in female

A

Paraovarian cysts

-Regressed mesonephric duct

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11
Q

What SPECIFICALLY determines the sex of an embryo

A

Testis-determining factor (TDF)

AKA the sex determining region Y (SRY) protein on the Y chromosome

Females lack SRY protein
Males have SRY protein

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12
Q

Distrubances in the mechanism of prenatal development of the female/male genital tracts can lead to

A

Reproductive anomalies

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13
Q

What affects the gross appearance of the female repro tract?

A

Age
-Regression of ovary with age)

Functional changes

  • Transient:estrus cycle
  • Long:pregnancy
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14
Q

Contours of ovary are less regular in follicular and luteal phases when?

A

Estrus cycle

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15
Q

T/F Uterine tubes are paires

A

T

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16
Q

What is the primary repro organ of bitch and queen?

A

ovary

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17
Q

What takes place at the ovaries?

A

Site for repro, maturation, and release of ova (follicles or eggs) which affects contour or shape of ovary

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18
Q

What repro hormones are released from the ovary

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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19
Q

Which ovaries are more concealed with fat: bitch or queen

A

bitch

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20
Q

What is the location of the ovaries

A

Asymmetric

R ovary: descending duodenum
L ovary: descending colon

(Right behind kidneys)

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21
Q

Suspensory ligament of the ovary suspends..

A

Cranial pole of ovary to dorsal aspect of rib 13

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22
Q

Proper ligament of the ovary suspends…

A

Caudal pole to tip of the uterine horn

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23
Q

What is the peritoneal sac that encloses the ovary

A

Ovarian bursa

24
Q

What forms the ovaran bursan

A

Mesovarium and mesoslpinx (follows unterine tube)

25
Q

T/F The ovarian bursa has an opening to the peritoneal cavity. Problem?

A

T

Abdominal ostium of uterine tube allows opening to peritoneal cavity

Can lead to ascending infections: pyrometra

26
Q

Does the male or female duct system a closed system?

A

Female

27
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

A

Infundibulum

Ascending part

Descending part
–>Ampulla isthmus

Mesosalpinx

Tubouterine junction

28
Q

What are the sections of the infundibulum

A

Fimbria

Abdominal ostium

29
Q

What is the site of fertilization?

A

Ampulla

30
Q

What determines the shape of the uterus?

A

The degree of fusion of paramesonephric ducts or lack of fustion

31
Q

What are the 3 types of uterine shapes and give example of each species with it

A

Duplex (2 cervixes)
-Marsupials and rabbits

Bicornuate

  • Mare and cow
  • Bitch, queen, sow

Simplex (no uterine horn)
-Primate

32
Q

Which uterine shape has highly developed uterine horns. What is an advantage?

A

Bicornuate

Y shaped that s set for multiple offsprings

33
Q

Describe the location of the uterus

A

In abdominal gutter (roof) dorsal to intestines

Caudal abdomen/pelvis: dorsal to bladder and ventral to descending colon/rectum

34
Q

What are 3 parts of the uterus

A

Uterine horns

Uterine body

Uterine cervix

35
Q

What are 3 parts of the broad ligament

A

Mesometrum

Mesovarium

Mesosalpinx

36
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cervix

A

Internal uterine ostium

Cerival canal

External uterine ostium

37
Q

What kind of folds are in the vagina?

A

Longitudinal and circular folds

38
Q

Where is the vagina located?

A

Between cervix and vestibule

39
Q

What is the slope of the vestibule?

A

Caudoventrally at 45-50 degress

40
Q

Where is the vestibule

A

Between the vagina and vulva

41
Q

How should you conduct a vaginal smear?

A

Angle of insertion of Q tip
Craniodorsal initially until passing ischial arch

Then straightened and insertion continued cranially

42
Q

What s a chromosomal disorder associated with female repro tract?

A

Clitoral hypertrophy

The urethra does not pass through the enlarged clitoris

Develops in bitches with hyperadrenocorticism

43
Q

Explain the vulva

A

Two labia meeting at dorsal (round) and ventral (pointed) commissures

Urogental opening-rima pudendi

44
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm and perineum in female repro tract?

A

Rectococcygeus

External anal sphincter

Constrictor vestibuli

Coccygeus

Leavtor ani

45
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A

Combines the roles of the lungs, GI, and kidney

46
Q

What’s a specific type of placenta?

A

Zonary placenta

47
Q

In spaying, what arteries do you need to isolate and ligate

A

Ovarian and uterine a

48
Q

What is the origin of the ovarian a

A

aorta

49
Q

What is the origin of the uterine a

A

vaginal a

50
Q

What is the origin of the vaginal a

A

Internal pudendal

51
Q

What structure is the uterine a close to

A

Cervix

52
Q

T/F female innercation has same pattern as male

A

T

53
Q

Caudal rectal n and a positions

A

4 and 8 o’clock

54
Q

Pudendal n branches

A

Caudal rectal n
-perineal branches: superficial (sensory) and deep (motor)

Dorsal n of clitoris

55
Q

What is involved in an ovariohysterectomy?

A

suspensory ligament
ovarian a
uterine a
cervix

Anatomy (22 decks)

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