Female Repro

Question 1

What is the medical term for spaying

Answer 1

Ovariohysterectomy

Question 2

What are some clinical relevant conditions in intact females?

Answer 2

Pyrometra

Dystocia

Mammary tumors

Vaginal prolapse/perivulval dermatitis

Cystic ovaries or ovarian tumor

Question 3

What is clinically relevant about pyrometra?

Answer 3

Uterus is full of pus and stretched very thin

Some contents in the uterus may spill to the peritoneal cavity through the infundibulum and cause peritonitis

Ovaries and uterus should be surgically removed gently

Question 4

T/F Dogs have a set number of mammae

Answer 4

F

Avg 5

Question 5

What mammae is most associated with tumors?

Answer 5

Inguinal mammary glands

Question 6

Dystocia can be due to:

Answer 6

Abnormalities of the birth canal

Uterine inertia

Fetal malposition

Fetal oversize

Question 7

What determines the sex of an embryo

Answer 7

Gonadal primordium

XY or XX

Question 8

T/F Remnant of the opposite sex may remain at adulthood

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Female remnant in male

Answer 9

Uterus masculinus

-Regressed paramesonephric duct

Question 10

Male remnant in female

Answer 10

Paraovarian cysts

-Regressed mesonephric duct

Question 11

What SPECIFICALLY determines the sex of an embryo

Answer 11

Testis-determining factor (TDF)

AKA the sex determining region Y (SRY) protein on the Y chromosome

Females lack SRY protein
Males have SRY protein

Question 12

Distrubances in the mechanism of prenatal development of the female/male genital tracts can lead to

Answer 12

Reproductive anomalies

Question 13

What affects the gross appearance of the female repro tract?

Answer 13

Age
-Regression of ovary with age)

Functional changes

• Transient:estrus cycle
• Long:pregnancy

Question 14

Contours of ovary are less regular in follicular and luteal phases when?

Answer 14

Estrus cycle

Question 15

T/F Uterine tubes are paires

Answer 15

T

Question 16

What is the primary repro organ of bitch and queen?

Answer 16

ovary

Question 17

What takes place at the ovaries?

Answer 17

Site for repro, maturation, and release of ova (follicles or eggs) which affects contour or shape of ovary

Question 18

What repro hormones are released from the ovary

Answer 18

Estrogen

Progesterone

Question 19

Which ovaries are more concealed with fat: bitch or queen

Answer 19

bitch

Question 20

What is the location of the ovaries

Answer 20

Asymmetric

R ovary: descending duodenum
L ovary: descending colon

(Right behind kidneys)

Question 21

Suspensory ligament of the ovary suspends..

Answer 21

Cranial pole of ovary to dorsal aspect of rib 13

Question 22

Proper ligament of the ovary suspends…

Answer 22

Caudal pole to tip of the uterine horn

Question 23

What is the peritoneal sac that encloses the ovary

Answer 23

Ovarian bursa

Question 24

What forms the ovaran bursan

Answer 24

Mesovarium and mesoslpinx (follows unterine tube)

Question 25

T/F The ovarian bursa has an opening to the peritoneal cavity. Problem?

Answer 25

T Abdominal ostium of uterine tube allows opening to peritoneal cavity Can lead to ascending infections: pyrometra

Question 26

Does the male or female duct system a closed system?

Answer 26

Female

Question 27

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 27

Infundibulum Ascending part Descending part -->Ampulla isthmus Mesosalpinx Tubouterine junction

Question 28

What are the sections of the infundibulum

Answer 28

Fimbria Abdominal ostium

Question 29

What is the site of fertilization?

Answer 29

Ampulla

Question 30

What determines the shape of the uterus?

Answer 30

The degree of fusion of paramesonephric ducts or lack of fustion

Question 31

What are the 3 types of uterine shapes and give example of each species with it

Answer 31

Duplex (2 cervixes) -Marsupials and rabbits Bicornuate - Mare and cow - Bitch, queen, sow Simplex (no uterine horn) -Primate

Question 32

Which uterine shape has highly developed uterine horns. What is an advantage?

Answer 32

Bicornuate Y shaped that s set for multiple offsprings

Question 33

Describe the location of the uterus

Answer 33

In abdominal gutter (roof) dorsal to intestines Caudal abdomen/pelvis: dorsal to bladder and ventral to descending colon/rectum

Question 34

What are 3 parts of the uterus

Answer 34

Uterine horns Uterine body Uterine cervix

Question 35

What are 3 parts of the broad ligament

Answer 35

Mesometrum Mesovarium Mesosalpinx

Question 36

What are the 3 parts of the cervix

Answer 36

Internal uterine ostium Cerival canal External uterine ostium

Question 37

What kind of folds are in the vagina?

Answer 37

Longitudinal and circular folds

Question 38

Where is the vagina located?

Answer 38

Between cervix and vestibule

Question 39

What is the slope of the vestibule?

Answer 39

Caudoventrally at 45-50 degress

Question 40

Where is the vestibule

Answer 40

Between the vagina and vulva

Question 41

How should you conduct a vaginal smear?

Answer 41

Angle of insertion of Q tip Craniodorsal initially until passing ischial arch Then straightened and insertion continued cranially

Question 42

What s a chromosomal disorder associated with female repro tract?

Answer 42

Clitoral hypertrophy The urethra does not pass through the enlarged clitoris Develops in bitches with hyperadrenocorticism

Question 43

Explain the vulva

Answer 43

Two labia meeting at dorsal (round) and ventral (pointed) commissures Urogental opening-rima pudendi

Question 44

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm and perineum in female repro tract?

Answer 44

Rectococcygeus External anal sphincter Constrictor vestibuli Coccygeus Leavtor ani

Question 45

What is the function of the placenta?

Answer 45

Combines the roles of the lungs, GI, and kidney

Question 46

What's a specific type of placenta?

Answer 46

Zonary placenta

Question 47

In spaying, what arteries do you need to isolate and ligate

Answer 47

Ovarian and uterine a

Question 48

What is the origin of the ovarian a

Answer 48

aorta

Question 49

What is the origin of the uterine a

Answer 49

vaginal a

Question 50

What is the origin of the vaginal a

Answer 50

Internal pudendal

Question 51

What structure is the uterine a close to

Answer 51

Cervix

Question 52

T/F female innercation has same pattern as male

Answer 52

T

Question 53

Caudal rectal n and a positions

Answer 53

4 and 8 o'clock

Question 54

Pudendal n branches

Answer 54

Caudal rectal n -perineal branches: superficial (sensory) and deep (motor) Dorsal n of clitoris

Question 55

What is involved in an ovariohysterectomy?

Answer 55

suspensory ligament ovarian a uterine a cervix