Dog Head Lecture Flashcards
How many pairs of CN are there?
12
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis m
Masseter m
Digastricus m
Medial and lateral pterygoid
m
What is the only muscle that opens the jaw
Digastricus
What is the center of rotation for muscles of mastication?
Temporomandibular joint (condylar process)
Do muscles of mastication produce action when they are shortened or lengthened?
Shortened
What are the muscles of mastication innervated by>
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What part of the digastricus is innervated by the trigeminal n?
Rostral pt
What innervates the caudal part of the digastricus?
Facial n (CN VII)
What are the superficial muscles of facial expression?
Orbicularis oculi m
Levator nasolabialis m
Orbicularis oris m
Zygomasticus m
Platysma
What are superficial facial expression muscles innervated by?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
What are 2 salivary glands that open into vestibule of the mouth?
Zygomatic salivary gland (1st PM)
Parotid salivary gland (4th PM)
What are 2 salivary glands that meet at the sublingual caruncle?
Sublingual SG (polystomotic part)
Mandibular SG
What are the openings called of the vestibule of the mouth and sublingual caruncle
Vestibule of mouth
- Orifice of major zygomatic duct
- Orifice of parotid duct
Sublingual caruncle
- Orifice of mandibular duct
- Orifice of sublingual duct
What does the pharynx do?
Connect nasal caivty with the larynx and the oral cavity with the esophagus
Trace passage of air when inhaled
Nasal cavity Through choana Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea
Trace passage of food when ingested
Over tongue Oral cavity Through palatoglossal arches Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Through pharyngoesophageal limen Esophagus
What makes up the “upper esophageal sphincter” and are considered pharyngeal muscles
Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Where is the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube?
Nasopharynx
What are the 3 fxns of the larynx in order of importance
Protect the lower airway by preventing inspiration of foreign material
Permits abdominal press (how we poop, cough, give birth)
Vocalization
What are the types of cartilages found in larynx and which has 2?
Epiglottic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage (TWO)
Cricoid cartilage “class ring”
What is dorsally attached to arytenoid cartilages?
Vocal folds
What does the Glottis consist of?
Both arytenoid cartilages
Both vocal folds
Rima glottidis (space btw vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages)
Vocal apparatus AKA
Glottis
What are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Thyropharyngeus
Sternothyroideus
Cricothyroideus
Thyrohyoideus
What innervates the pharyngeal muscles?
Vagus n (CN X)
Glossopharyngeal (CN XI) n
What innervates the intrinsic laryngeal muscles and what is the exception
Recurrent laryngeal
Exception: cricothyroideus m which is innervated by cranial laryngeal n both both arise from CN X
T/F Tears come out of the ventral opening of the alar fold
T
What are important paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
What is the average age a dogs permanent teeth errupted by?
6 mo
What helps puppy grasp nipple to nurse on tongue?
Marginal papillae
What are the lymph nodes in the head
Facial LN
Mandibular LN
Parotid LN
Medial retropharyngeal LN
Entropion
Inward turning of the margins of upper/or lower lids
Ectropion
Flaccid outward sagging of the palpebrae
Glaucoma
Increase in intraocular pressure with subsequent opacity of the cornea and/or lens
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva
Keratoconjunctivitis sica
Insufficiency of tears with subsequen drying of the conjunctiva and cornea
Coreanl abrasion
The cornea is scratched, torn, or ulcerated
Inflammation of superficial gland of 3rd eyelid
Inflammation or hypertrophy of lymphofollicular tissue on the deep surface of the third eyelid and prolapse of the gland
Cataract
Opacity of the lens
Cleft palate
May involve the hard platate, soft palate or both
Sialoadentitis
inflammation of salivary glands
Sialoliths
Stone formation in the salivary ducts or glands
Salivary mucocele
Dilation of salivary duct
Ranula
Dilation specific to the duct of the sublingual salivary gland
Aural hematoma
Swelling of the pinna resulting from rupture of blood vesels
Otitis media
Inflammation of middle ear
Otitis externa
Inflammation of external ear
Otitis interna
Inflammation of inner ear
Tonsillitis
Any oral infection
Masticatory (eosinophilic myositis)
Stiffening of masseter muscle due to Chlostridium tetani
Autoimmune disease
Epiphora
Defectice nasolacrimal drainage resulting in tears spilling down across the face
