ANS Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

ANS

A

Part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activity in the body (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular tissue).

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2
Q

Central control centers of ANS

A

Brain and brainstem

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3
Q

Peripheral system:motor system

A

In peripheral system, the motor system directly supplies target tissues.

Involves sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. They often have reciprocal innervation (counter effects)

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4
Q

Visceral afferents

A

Sensory neurons that supply target tissues of ANS (smooth muscle. cardiac muscle, glandular tissue) but are NOT considered to be a part of ANS by most individuals.

Sensory axons often travel along same route as the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve axons.

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5
Q

Examples of ANS effects

A
Sympathetic stimulations and parasympathetic stimulation often have counteractve effects.
Ex=Pupil dilation (sympathetic)
       Pupil constriction (parasympathetic)
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6
Q

Special ANS effect with blood vessels

A

Sympathetic stimulation can cause constriction (alpha receptors) AND dilation (beta receptors) in BLOOD VESSELS.

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7
Q

Sympathetic nervous system origin

A

Thoracolumbar spinal cord (T1-L4)

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8
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system origin

A

Sacral spinal cord and brainstem

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9
Q

Somatic efferents vs Visceral efferents (ANS)

A

Somatic efferents- CNS is directly connected to target muscle through 1 motor neuron (skeletal muscle is good example)

Visceral efferent- like a “relay race”. Long preganglionic axon extends from CNS to a ganglia which communicates with postganglionic axon that will communicate with target tissue.

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10
Q

Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system found where

A

CNS
Sympathetic: thoracolumbar spinal cord (T1-L4)
Parasympathetic: sacral spinal cord and brain stem (CNN 3, 7, 9, 10)

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11
Q

Explain preganglionic/postganglionic relay

A

Axon of pregang neuron travels in a peripheral nerve (spinal or cranial nerve) to synape on a specific postgang nerve. The axon of postgang neuron travels in a peripheral nerve to synape to specific target tissue to inhibit or stimulate target tissue.

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12
Q

Ganglia

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies found outside CNS.

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13
Q

ANS ganglia

A

Postgang neurons are found in ganglia

Note, not all ganglia are associated with ANS

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14
Q

Sympathetic nervous system ganglia

A

Most are visible in gross dissection (head, thorax, abdomen, pelvis)

  • ->paravertebral (beside vertebral column)
  • ->prevertebral (further away from vertebral column)
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15
Q

Sympathetic ganglia need to ID in lab

A

Middle cervical ganglion
Cervicothoracic ganglion
Sympathetic trunk ganglion

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16
Q

Part of the sympathetic trunk

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

17
Q

ANS bilateral or unilateral

A

Bilateral. On left and right side of the body

18
Q

Parasympathetic length of axons and ganglia

A

Pregangs are long
Postgangs are short and right next to tissue its going to innervate

Ganglia are at or in wall of target organ

19
Q

Crainial nerve X functions

A

Vagus nerve
ANS-parasympathetic
Sensory from viscera to brain (accounts for 80% of axons in the vagus nerve)
Motor to skeletal muscles of the larynx via recurrent laryngeal nerve

20
Q

Vagus nerve orientation

A

Vagus nerve starts out (from tympano occipital fissure) following the vagosympathetic trunk on L and R side
Vagus nerve leaves trunk around middle cervical ganglia
Vagus nerve splits into dorsal and ventral branches on L and R side
Dorsal and ventral vagal branches from each side unite to give a singular dorsal trunk and a singular ventral trunk

The single ventral and single dorsal trunk will pass through diaphragm with the esophagus to supply abdominal organs.

21
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

Runs lateral to vertebral column on each side. It carres axons mainly from pregang neurons destined to specific ganglion.

22
Q

Ansa subclavia

A

Sympathetic trunk divides to form this loop which wraps around subclavian artery (between cervicothoracic and middle cervical ganglia)

23
Q

Ramus communicans

A

Communicating branch between a spinal nerve and the sympathetic trunk.

24
Q

Cranial cervical ganglia

A

Most cranial ganglia. At head

25
Middle cervical ganglia
Supplies heart, lungs, other thoracic viscera
26
Cervicothoracic ganglia
thoracic viscera, supplies thoracic limb (via brachial plexus), neck (via vertebral nerve)
27
Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Spinal nerves of the trunk, pelvic limbs and tail. Found along the symp trunk in the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions.
28
Celiacomesenteric ganglia
Supploes abdominal viscera
29
Caudal mesenteric ganglia
Supplies caudal abdominal viscera, pelvic viscera (via hypogastric nerve)
30
Splanchnic
Sympathetic pregang axons supplying Caudal mesenteric ganglia,`
31
Plexus
Mixed collection of axons traveling in close proximity to one another.
32
Horner's Syndrome
Loss of sympathetic innervation to the head - ->miosis: small pupil - ->Enophthalmos:sunken eye ball - ->ptosis: droopy eyelid - ->Protrusion of 3rd eyelid