pediatric nursing 2 Flashcards
are interruptions in normal brain function resulting from excessive and disorderly abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, which causes LOC, involuntary body movements, and changes in behaviours
seizures
involve both hemispheres of the brain, are bilat and symmetrical, and do not have a local onset
generalized seizures
involve small area of the cerebral cortex and have a local onset; these seizures may be simple or complex
partial or focal seizures
are a group of related defects of the CNA involving the cranium or spinal cord, which vary from mildly to severely disabling
neural tube defects
a condition caused by a blockage to the flow of CSF, or an imbalance in the production and absorption of CS in the ventricular system
hydrocephalus
a pathological process that can involve the scalp, skull, or meninges, can range from mild to severe damage to the head
head injury
most common type of fracture, it resembles a thin line and is from a low velocity blow
linear fracture
this type has a cracked eggshell appearance and may also be categorized as depressed. it usually result from intense impact and may suggest maltreatment
comminuted fracture
the skull is indented a the point of impact, brain tissue, and intracranial damage
depressed fracture
a linear fracture involving the basilar protion of the frontal, ethmoid, temporal, or occipital bones of the skull, often resulting in s dura tear
basilar fracture
result in a communication between the skull and the scalp or the mucosa of the upper resp tract
open fracture
is an unusual complication of head trauma. fracture is accompanied by an underlying tear in the dura or brain injury that fails to heal properly
growing skill fracture
life-threatening with rapid onset, characterized by a rapid deterioration, headache, seizures, coma, and brain herniation
epidural hematoma
occurs within 48hrs of injury, characterized by headaches, agitation, confusion, drowsiness, decreased loc and increased icp
subdural hematoma
conditioned is now defined as a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills
intellectual disability
a communicable virus that is usually transmitted by direct contact with droplets. incubation time is 10 to 20 days, and infected individuals are contagious from 4 days before to 5 days after the rash
measles
transmitted by direct and indirect contact. incubation period is 14 to 21 days. is communicable for 7 days before approx 5 days after the rash appears
rubella
infection is transmitted by direct contact via contaminated objects. communicable for 1 to 2 days before the rash appears and remains infectious until all the lesions are crusted over
chicken pox
incubation period is 6 to 20 days with an average of 7 days.
has 3 stages
pertussis
when the child has signs of an URI 1 to 2 weeks later, the hacking cough increases in severity
catarrhal stage
usually lasts 4 to 6 weeks, classic paroxysmal whoop cough, which usually occurs at night, is flushed or has a cyanotic face, buldging eyes, and protruding tongue and coughs until they cough up a mucus plug, often vomiting after
paroxysmal stage
cough slowly decreases, vomiting stops and strength returns
convalescent stage
transmission is direct or droplet
incubation period is 14 to 21 days
communicable immediately before the swelling occurs until immediately after
two stages
mumps
pyrexia, headache, and loss of appetite followed by earache, which worsens with chewing
prodromal stage
