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CPNRE > medical surgical nursing 3 > Flashcards

medical surgical nursing 3 Flashcards

1
Q

is a decrease in the number of RBCs, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed RBCs, all of which will result in a decreased amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells

A

anemia

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2
Q

is a deficiency of circulating RBCs due to failure of the bone marrow to produce these cells

A

aplastic anemia

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3
Q

is an inherited childhood disorder of autosomal recessive defects, characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin

A

sickle cell anemia

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4
Q

is characterized by a deficiency of circulating platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

is a feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium with a conscious desire to vomit

A

nausea

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6
Q

is the forceful ejection of partially digested food and secretions from the upper GI tract

A

vomiting

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7
Q

a protrusion of the stomach into the esophagus through an opening in the diaphragm

A

hiatus hernia

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8
Q

includes conditions characterized by erosion of the GI mucosa in the lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum, and jejunum

A

peptic ulcer disease

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9
Q

is not a disease but rather a conditions of inflammation of the gastric mucosa

A

gastritis

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10
Q

refers to any clinically significant symptomatic condition of reflux of the gastric contents into the lower esophagus

A

GERD

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11
Q

an inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine, resulting in vomiting and diarrhea

A

gastroenteritis

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12
Q

an inflammation of the vermiform appendix, a narrow, fingerlike appendage found just below the ileocecal valve

A

appendicitis

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13
Q

an inflammation of the diverticular sacs, most commonly due to obstruction with fecal matter

A

diverticulitis

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14
Q

consists of the immunologically related disorders of chrons disease and ulcerative colitis

A

IBD

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15
Q

characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum

A

ulcerative colitis

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16
Q

is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disorder of unknown origin that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus

A

chrons disease

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17
Q

results from bilirubin diffusing into tissues and giving them a yellow or greenish-yellow tinge

A

jaundice

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18
Q

occurs when there is an increase in the number of RBCs destroyed, which increases the amount of bilirubin in the blood

A

hemolytic jaundice

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19
Q

develops from damaged liver cells that are unable to clear bilirubin from the blood

A

hepatocellular jaundice

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20
Q

results from an obstruction to bile flow. bile will back up into the liver and then into the blood

A

obstructive jaundice

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21
Q

refers to stones in the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

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22
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

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23
Q

is an inflammation of the liver marked by liver cell destruction, necrosis, and autolysis

A

hepatitis

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24
Q

refers to the chronic, progressive, irreversible and widespread destruction of hepatic cells, with scar tissue replacing healthy tissue

A

cirrhosis

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25
Q

an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic

A

pancreatitis

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26
Q

most common form of adrenal insufficiency. usually results from an autoimmune disorder

A

addisons disease

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27
Q

a spectrum of clinical abnormalities caused by excess corticosteroids, particularly glucocorticoids

A

cushings disease

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28
Q

a clinical syndrome in which there is a sustained increase in synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland

A

hyperthyroidism

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29
Q

is a state of low levels of serum thyroid hormones

A

hypothyroidism

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30
Q

occurs when ADH is released despite normal or low plasma osmolarity

A

SIADH

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31
Q

is a group of conditions associated with a deficiency of production of ADH or a decreased renal response to ADH

A

diabetes insipidus

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32
Q

a multisystem disease to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both

A

DM

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33
Q

involves a progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells

A

type 1 DM

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34
Q

the pancreas continues to produce some endogenous insulin, however the amount produced is either insufficient or is poorly utilized by the tissues

A

type 2 DM

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35
Q

found in pts whose blood glucose level is abnormally below 4 mmol/L

A

hypoglycemia

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36
Q

caused by an absence or a markedly inadequate amount of insulin

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

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37
Q

malignant neoplasm of the ovaries

A

ovarian cancer

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38
Q

an enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from an increase in the number of epithelial cells and stomal tissue

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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39
Q

refers to an infection of the renal parenchyma and collecting system

A

pylonephritis

40
Q

indicates inflammation of the bladder wall

41
Q

inflammation of the urethra

A

urethritis

42
Q

is a UTI that has spread into the systemic circulation and is a life threatening condition requiring emergency treatment

43
Q

is bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of the kidney

A

acute pyelonephritis

44
Q

a condition characterized by marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, dyslipidemia, and edema

A

nephrotic syndrome

45
Q

is an inflammation of glomerular capillaries caused by an immunological process. it affects both kidneys equally and can lead to renal failure

A

glomerulonephritis

46
Q

common genetic disease. cysts form in the renal tubules, and as they advance and increase in size, they fill the cortex and the medulla and destroy surrounding tissue by compression

A

polycystic kidney disease

47
Q

refers to kidney disease

A

nephrolithiasis

48
Q

stones in the urinary tract

A

urolithiasis

49
Q

is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid loss of renal function with progressive azotemia

A

acute renal failure

50
Q

refers to the progressive, irreversible destruction of nephrons, resulting in systemic damage to all organs

A

chronic renal failure

51
Q

a catheter is surgically placed through the anterior wall of the abdomen into the peritoneum

A

peritoneal dialysis

52
Q

requires vascular access nd incorporates shunts and internal arteriovenous fistulas and grafts

A

hemodialysis

53
Q

are characterized by unilateral or bilateral throbbing pain caused by vasodilation of the dural blood vessels that then stimulate the trigeminal nerve pain pathway

A

migraine headaches

54
Q

are thought to be variants of migraine headaches and are characterized by repeated headaches that occur for weeks or month at a time. followed by periods of remission

A

cluster headaches

55
Q

any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain

A

head injury

56
Q

includes an alteration in consciousness, no matter how brief

A

head trauma

57
Q

are the most minor type of head trauma. the scalp is very vascular and therefore can bleed profusely

A

scalp lacerations

58
Q

may be linear, comminuted, depressed or compound, closed or open. the type and severity of a skull fracture depends on the velocity, momentum, and direction of the injuring agent and the site of impact

A

skull fractures

59
Q

a medical emergency with a high mortality rate. the inflammatory response increases CSF production and ICP

A

bacterial meningitis

60
Q

is most commonly caused by enterovirus, arbovirus, HIV or herpes. usually presents with headache, fever, photophobia, myalgias, and a stiff neck

A

viral meningitis

61
Q

an acute inflammation of the brain that can be fatal. can be caused by a number of viruses, including west nile virus.

A

encephalitis

62
Q

a purulent infection of the brain with an accumulation of pus within brain tissue. infection may be due to an ear, tooth, mastoid, or sinus infection

A

brain abcess

63
Q

a chronic, progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disease that is characterized by inflammation of the white matter of the CNA

64
Q

a disease of the basal ganglia characterized by slowing down in the initiation and execution of movement, increased muscle tone, tremor at rest, and impaired postural reflexes

A

parkinsons disease

65
Q

a severe infection of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding soft tissue

A

osteomyelitis

66
Q

is a chronic, progressive, metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue

A

osteoporosis

67
Q

a widespread, nonarticular, musculo-skeletal pain condition that causes fatigue and multiple tender points

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

68
Q

characterized by unexplained debilitating fatigue in which any type of exertion can affect multiple organs in a person

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

69
Q

is a noninflammatory disorder of the diarthrodial joints. it is slowly progressive, with the majority of adults being affected by age 40

A

osteoarthritis

70
Q

a chronic, systemic disease characterized by inflammation of the connective tissue in the diarthrodial joints and surrounding tissues

A

rheumatoid arthritis

71
Q

a chronic multisystem inflammatory disorder of the connective tissue

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

72
Q

a prevalent population issue and is a common workplace condition resulting in lost of productivity that can result in significant economic and social costs

A

low back pain

73
Q

it is a protrusion of the nucleus pulposus between adjacent surfaces of vertebral bodies and may occur anywhere along the spine

A

herniated intervertebral disc

74
Q

is a disruption or a break in the community of the structure of a bone, usually due to a blow to the body, a fall. or another accident

75
Q

occurs when there is a sudden interruption of circulation in one or more of the cerebral blood vessels, resulting in the death of brain cells

A

stroke (cerebral vascular accident)

76
Q

paralyzed lt side (hemiplegia) left sides neglect, spatial-perceptual deficits, tends to deny or minimize problems, rapid performance, short attention span, impulsive; safety problems, impaired time concepts

A

right-sided damage (stroke)

77
Q

paralyzed right side: hemiplegia, impaired speech-language, impaired right-left discrimination, slow performance, cautious, aware of deficits, depression, anxiety, impaired comprehension related to language, math

A

left-sided damage (stroke)

78
Q

inflammation or infection of the middle ear is considered the most common cause of conductive hearing loss

A

otitis media

79
Q

vision is lost gradually due to the developing opacity of the lens or lens capsule of the eye

80
Q

refers to a group of disorders characterized by abnormally high intraocular pressure, which can damage he optic nerve

81
Q

is a degeneration of the macula, the central area of the retina, which results in varying degrees of central vision loss

A

age related macular degeneration

82
Q

refers to an intermittent or sustained elevation in the diastolic or systolic bp

A

hypertension

83
Q

refers to any narrowing or obstruction of arterial lumina that interferes with cardiac perfusion

A

coronary artery disease

84
Q

unexpected death from cardiac caused

A

sudden cardiac death

85
Q

abnormal heartbeat

A

dysrhythmia

86
Q

an abnormal condition involving impaired cardiac pumping

A

heart failure

87
Q

an abnormal dilation in an arterial wall, commonly in the aorta between the renal arteries and iliac branches

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

88
Q

an imbalance between the supply and demand of blood and nutrients that results from the degeneration of the peripheral vascular system

A

peripheral vascular disease

89
Q

the formation of a clot in associated with inflammation of the vein

A

peripheral venous disease

90
Q

occurs when there is injury to the tissue of the body caused by heat, chemicals, electrical current, or radiation and can lead to many local and systemic conditions

91
Q

is a syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism

92
Q

is loss of intravascular fluid, either an absolute or relative volume loss

A

hypovolemic shock

93
Q

occurs after SCI, at t5 or above. results in massive vasodilation, leading to pooling of blood in the vessels

A

neurogenic shock

94
Q

manifested by decreased reflexes, loss of sensation, an flaccid paralysis below the level of injury

A

spinal shock

95
Q

an acute life threatening hypersensitivity reaction that causes massive vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and release of mediators

A

anaphylactic shock

96
Q

a systemic inflammatory response to infection

A

septic shock

CPNRE (14 decks)

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