nursing fundamentals and clinical skills pt 2 Flashcards
a description of the meds composition and molecular structure
chemical name
is the first manufacturers name for the med
generic name
denotes the marketing name that the manufactures uses to sell a med
trade name
involves decimals and uses divisions and multiples of 10
metric system
refers to injection into the dermis, just under the epidermis. 5-15 degrees
intradermal route
involves injecting meds into the loose connective tissues under the dermis at a 45 to 90 degree angle
subcut route
administered directly into the muscle at a 90 degree angle
intramuscular route
the safest site and the preferred site for adults and children over 7 to 12 mos. it is free of nerves and bv and has easily palpable bony landmarks
ventrogluteal site
traditional site for IM injections but is no longer recommended. risk of damage to sciatic nerve
dorsogluteal site
site most commonly used with infants and young children but may be used with adults. located on the anterior lateral aspect of the thigh
vastus lateralis site
an easily accessible site but is not well developed in all clients. site should be used only for sm amounts of meds
deltoid site
are preventable events associated with the prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, or administering of meds
med errors
the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment during lifting, bending, moving, and performing ADLs
body mechanics
physical activity for the purpose of toning the body, improving health, and maintaining fitness
exercise
are any manual method or any physical or mechanical device, material, or piece of equipment that reduces the ability of the client to move freely
physical restraint
are meds given to restrict or manage a clients behaviour or to restrict a clients movement that are not a standard therapy or dose for the clients condition
chemical restraints
control a clients mobility
environmental restraint
means that all other possible interventions have been attempted before the decision is made to use a restraint
least restraint
sudden, transient alterations in brain function that result from excessive levels of electrical activity in the brain that lead to a sudden, violent, involuntary series of contractions of a group of muscles
seizures
inflammation of the mouth that is caused by a variety of conditions, including viral infections
stomatitis
the aspiration of secretions from the trachea and bronchial tree bu application of negative pressure suction
suctioning
removal of copious, thick, tenacious, or dried secretions from the trach tube in order to maintain a patent airway, prevent infection, and prevent irritation
tracheostomy care
a catheter inserted through the thorax to remove abnormal accumulation of air, fluid, or blood from the pleural space or mediastinum
chest tube
provide oxygen in concentrations thet vary with the persons respiratory effort
low flow devices
deliver oxygen at rates above the normal inspiratory flow and maintain a fixed fio2 independent of the clients respiratory pattern
high flow devices
are inserted into a vein for the purpose of delivering medication or fluids directly into the bloodstream
CVAD
designed for short term use
PICCS
are most commonly placed in the arm
short peripheral IVs
range in length from 7.5 to 25cm and lie deep 8n the cephalic or basilic vein with the tip not extending past the axillary
mid line catheters
are used to admin meds and solutions irritating to veins, deliver long term therapy, and deliver rapid infusion of meds or large amounts of fluids
CVCs
inserted by a physician, and clients with these catheters must remain in the acute care setting. inserted percutaneously in areas that are warm and moist such as neck and groin. not left in place long
nontunnelled catheters
inserted in the operativing room under a local anesthetic and can be left in for years. hard to disguise and require daily care but can be cared for in the home setting
tunneled catheters
require insertion in the operating room with local anesthesia and also can be left in for years, commonly implanted in the chest
implanted ports
they have the same osmolarity as body fluids, commonly used for ECF replacement
isotonic solutions
have a lower osmolarott than body fluids, solutions can cause movement of water into cells by osmosis
hypotonic solutions
have a higher osmolaritt than body fluids, concentrate ECF and cause movement of water from cells into the ECF by osmosis
hypertonic solutions
are used when intravascular access is desired for intermittent admin of meds by IV bolus or IV piggyback
saline locks
an unpleasant sensory and emotional expierence associated with, or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage
pain
caused by damage to somatic or visceral tissue
nociceptive pain
caused by damage to nerve cells or changes in spinal cord processing and is described as burning, shooting or stabbing
neuropathic pain
usually has a sudden onset and diminishes over time as healing occurs
acute pain
an infusion pump that is programed for dose and time intervals, allowing pts to control analgesic admin without overdosing
patient controlled analgesia
are the elements necessary for body processes and functions
nutrients
is a tool that helps clients to make appropriate nutritional choices and healthy living decisions
Canada’s food guide
a diet intended to treat disease or help to manage a medical condition
therapeutic diet
refers to the delivery of liquid nutrients into the GI tract via a tube
enteral nutrition
are inserted through the nose to the stomach
nasogastric tube
placed through the nose into the stomach and then moved into the duodenum
nasoenteral tube
placed directly into the stomach through abdominal wall and sutures in place
G-tube
inserted directly into the jejunum for clients with pathological conditions of the upper GI tract
J-tube
is a form of specialized nutrition support in which nutrients are provided intravenously to provide a positive buttoned balance
parenteral nutrition
can be used for clients who are expierencing mild or moderate malnutrition for up to weeks as long as the formula has a final dextrose concentration of 5 to 10% and an animal acid content of 3%
peripheral parenteral nutrition
admin of carbs in the form of dextrose, dags I special emulisified form, proteins in the form of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and water
TPN
an infusion of 10 to 20% fat emulsion that provides essential fatty acids
intralipid therapy
a combo of dextrose amino acids, and lipids in one container
total nutrient admixture
the absence of urine formation
Anuria
passage of lrg amounts of urine
diuresis
painful of difficult urination
dysuria
voiding at frequent intervals
frequency
presence of blood in urine
haematuria
excessive or frequent urination after going to bed
nocturia
urine output of less than 400ml per day
oliguria
voiding large amounts of urine
polyuria
is the marked accumulation of urine in the bladder as a result of the inability of the bladder to empty
urinary retention
is the loss of control over micturition
urinary incontinence
loss of urine outside of or affecting the urinary system that resolves when the underlying causes
transient
involuntary passage of urine after a strong sense of urgency to void and the bladder contracts and empties in an involuntary fashion
urge
leakage of sm volumes of urine caused by a sudden increase in intra abd pressure
stress
having features of both stress and urge incontinence
mixed
involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine in a client with an intact urinary and nervous system
functional
involuntary loss of a sm amount of urine when the bladder does not completely empty with high residual urine volume
UI associated with chronic retention of urine
urine loss due to multiple interacting factors both inside and outside the urinary tract
multifaxtorial UI
divert the flow of urine from the kidneys directly to the abdominal surface via a urinary stoma
urinary diversions
