Pediatric Disorders of the Urinary system Flashcards
Determine how the clinician can recognize acute glomerulonephritis in a child.
Dysuria
Decreased GFR
Hematuria
Normal BUN–creatinine ratio
Hematuria
Identify a condition that can increase the risk for acute pyelonephritis.
Kidney stone
Enuresis
Duplex collecting system
Sleep apnea
Kidney stone
Propose a symptom that neonates with urinary tract infection may present with.
Back pain
Malodorous urine
Hematuria
Fever
Fever
Determine a characteristic of stage 1 Wilms tumor.
There is penetration through the peritoneal surface.
The vessels of the renal sinus are not involved.
There are positive lymph nodes in the pelvis.
There are lymph node metastases beyond the abdomen.
The vessels of the renal sinus are not involved.
Determine what diagnostic imaging test can confirm a diagnosis of pyelonephritis.
CRP
Four-field chest radiography
Renal biopsy
MRI
MRI
Predict what happens in glomerular inflammation and expansion.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced.
Creatinine clearance is increased.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is stimulated.
Sodium retention is reversed.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced.
Determine what bacterium causes pyelonephritis.
Proteus
Yersinia
Mycoplasma
Prevotella
Prevotella
Determine what contributes to the etiology of urinary tract infections in children.
Bowel habits
Acute nephrotic syndrome
Urolithiasis
Urethritis
Bowel habits
Propose a symptom that neonates with urinary tract infection may present with.
Malodorous urine
Persistent irritability
Failure to thrive
Back pain
Failure to thrive
Propose a differential diagnosis for acute glomerulonephritis.
Lupus nephritis
Kawasaki disease
Urolithiasis
Dysfunctional voiding
Lupus nephritis
Determine what diagnostic imaging test can confirm a diagnosis of pyelonephritis.
Chest CT
Renal biopsy
Four-field chest radiography
DSMA scan
DSMA scan
Predict a physical examination finding of a child with enuresis.
Enlarged bladder
Diminished reflexes
Suprapubic pain
Right upper quadrant pain
Enlarged bladder
Identify a condition that can increase the risk for acute pyelonephritis.
Sleep apnea
Neurogenic bladder
Duplex collecting system
Enuresis
Neurogenic bladder
Identify a condition associated with enuresis.
Hinman syndrome
Bacteroides infection
Constipation
Vesicoureteral reflux
Constipation
Determine an abnormality in a child’s urinary tract that is associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection.
Neurogenic bladder
Fistula
Renal tumor
Varicocele
Neurogenic bladder
Determine how the clinician can recognize acute glomerulonephritis in a child.
Dysuria
Decreased GFR
Dribbling
Renal insufficiency
Renal insufficiency
Determine a characteristic of stage 1 Wilms tumor.
There are lymph node metastases beyond the abdomen.
There is penetration through the peritoneal surface.
The renal capsule is intact.
There are positive lymph nodes in the pelvis.
The renal capsule is intact.
Identify an appropriate medication used to treat Wilms tumor.
Hydroxyurea
Leuprolide
Vincristine
Fluoropyrimidine
Vincristine
Johnny is a 6-year-old who presents to the clinic with fever, flank pain, and urinary frequency and urgency. Predict another symptom that confirms a diagnosis for the clinician.
Peripheral edema
Suprapubic pain
Vomiting
Daytime incontinence
Vomiting
Determine a symptom of enuresis that requires a referral to a specialist.
Previous pelvic surgery
Incomplete voiding
Nocturnal diuresis
Urinary dribbling
Previous pelvic surgery
Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.
Urgency
Jaundice
Obstruction
Anal pruritus
Urgency
Propose a differential diagnosis for acute glomerulonephritis.
Acute kidney injury
Dysfunctional voiding
Kawasaki disease
Urethritis
Acute kidney injury
Predict a physical examination finding of a child with enuresis.
Tight heel cords
Suprapubic pain
Bulging hymen
Right upper quadrant pain
Tight heel cords
Determine an abnormality in a child’s urinary tract that is associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection.
Spinal dysraphism
Spermatocele
Varicocele
Renal tumor
Spinal dysraphism
Determine a symptom of Wilms tumor.
Jaundice
Erythroblastosis
Fever
New onset urinary incontinence
Fever
Identify an appropriate medication used to treat Wilms tumor.
Erlotinib
Leuprolide
Hydroxyurea
Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin
Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.
Jaundice
Failure to thrive
Obstruction
Crossing the legs
Crossing the legs
Conclude how glomerular inflammation occurs.
Activation of the complement cascade
Stimulated from water retention
Proliferation of monocytes
Excessive diuresis
Activation of the complement cascade
Identify a condition associated with enuresis.
Ebstein anomaly
Hinman syndrome
Bacteroides infection
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease
Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.
Dysuria
Jaundice
Anal pruritus
Failure to thrive
Dysuria
Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.
Failure to thrive
Obstruction
Jaundice
Urgency
Urgency
Identify a condition associated with enuresis.
Hinman syndrome
Diabetes mellitus
Vesicoureteral reflux
Ebstein anomaly
Diabetes mellitus
Propose a differential diagnosis for acute glomerulonephritis.
Dysfunctional voiding
Urolithiasis
Goodpasture syndrome
Kawasaki disease
Goodpasture syndrome
Establish a condition that should be considered when establishing a diagnosis of Wilms tumor.
Ureterocele
Renal cell carcinoma
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Dysfunctional elimination
Renal cell carcinoma
Propose a symptom that neonates with urinary tract infection may present with.
Malodorous urine
Sepsis
Back pain
Persistent irritability
Sepsis
Determine what bacterium causes pyelonephritis.
Streptococcus
Moraxella
Yersinia
Proteus
Moraxella
Propose how a clinician can determine the retractability of the testis.
Keeping the temperature in the examination room on the cooler side
Examining an infant in a warm bath
Using tangential lighting in the examination room
Performing a fine-needle biopsy
Examining an infant in a warm bath
Identify a type of balanitis.
Circinate
Paraphimotic
Circumscribed
Zoonotic
Circinate
Predict a symptom of labial fusion.
Poor growth and development
Diminished appetite
Refusal to urinate
Failure to thrive
Refusal to urinate
Recommend how the clinician should manage a child presenting with cryptorchidism.
Refer to general surgery for gender re-assignment surgery.
Refer to a pediatric surgeon for orchiopexy.
Monitor for signs of penile cancer.
Refer to a pediatric psychologist for evaluation.
Refer to a pediatric surgeon for orchiopexy.
Determine a characteristic of severe vaginal adhesions.
Urinary retention
Perianal itching
Increased thirst
Constipation
Urinary retention
Determine what results in pathological phimosis.
Cryptorchidism
Orchitis
Orchiopexy
Forcible foreskin retraction
Forcible foreskin retraction
Determine the location of an undescended testis.
Anywhere along the normal pathway of descent
In the abdomen
In the sigmoid colon
Just below the jejunum
Anywhere along the normal pathway of descent
Determine a cause of balanitis.
Penile cancer
Circumcision
Phimosis
Enuresis
Penile cancer
Determine what results in pathological phimosis.
Orchitis
Balanitis
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal hernia
Balanitis
Identify a complication of a hydrocele.
Behavioral health concerns
Rupture
Foreskin erosion
Penile cancer
Rupture
How is a hydrocele formed?
Physical trauma
Irritation by an environmental stimulus
Connection with a peritoneal cavity hernia
Bacterial infection
Connection with a peritoneal cavity hernia
What sign or symptom of testicular torsion is similar to that of orchitis?
Visible testicular swelling
Enuresis
Small red erosions on the testis
Foul-smelling discharge
Visible testicular swelling
Recommend how the clinician should manage a child presenting with cryptorchidism.
Refer to general surgery for gender re-assignment surgery.
Do nothing because all cases resolve spontaneously.
Refer to a pediatric psychologist for evaluation.
Wait for self-resolution.
Wait for self-resolution.
Identify a risk factor of cryptorchidism in boys.
Urinary habits
Genetics
Trauma
Infection
Genetics
Identify a potential sequella of phimosis.
Foreskin fusion
Penial adhesion
Balanitis
Nonretractile foreskin
Nonretractile foreskin
What is a key symptom of balanitis?
Inflamed testicles
Painful foreskin and penis
Euphoria
Painless penile swelling
Painful foreskin and penis
Identify a treatment for phimosis.
Watchful waiting
Repeated catheterization
Nonsurgical adhesiolysis
Antibiotics
Nonsurgical adhesiolysis
Propose how the clinician can determine whether a patient has orchitis.
Perform a screening ultrasound.
Obtain a thorough history.
Perform a pelvic X-ray.
Perform a KUB.
Perform a screening ultrasound.
Determine a characteristic of severe vaginal adhesions.
Urinary retention
Perianal itching
Increased thirst
Abdominal pain
Urinary retention
Identify a congenital abnormality associated with Wilms tumor.
Hinman syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Neurogenic bladder
Abdominal mass
Cryptorchidism
Establish a condition that should be considered when establishing a diagnosis of Wilms tumor.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Dysfunctional elimination
Ureterocele
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Identify an appropriate medication used to treat Wilms tumor.
Hydroxyurea
Leuprolide
Erlotinib
Actinomycin-D
Actinomycin-D
Determine a symptom of Wilms tumor.
Malodorous urine
New onset urinary incontinence
Erythroblastosis
Abdominal swelling
Abdominal swelling
Predict a physical examination finding of a child with enuresis.
Right upper quadrant pain
Suprapubic pain
Diminished reflexes
Poor anal sphincter tone
Poor anal sphincter tone
Determine how the clinician can recognize acute glomerulonephritis in a child.
Normal BUN–creatinine ratio
Generalized glomerular infiltration
Dribbling
Decreased GFR
Generalized glomerular infiltration
Identify a condition that can increase the risk for acute pyelonephritis.
Sleep apnea
Constipation
Diabetes mellitus
Enuresis
Constipation
Identify a cause of orchitis.
Rotavirus
Yersinia
Gonorrhea
Herpesvirales
Gonorrhea
What sign or symptom of testicular torsion is similar to that of orchitis?
Lymph node swelling of the affected area
Small red erosions on the testis
Enuresis
Foul-smelling discharge
Lymph node swelling of the affected area
Establish how the clinician will determine the presence of a hydrocele.
Urine culture and sensitivity
No reducibility
Complete blood count
Pelvic X-ray
No reducibility
Determine a cause of balanitis.
Penile cancer
Circumcision
Enuresis
Dysuria
Penile cancer
Propose how a clinician can determine the retractability of the testis.
Keeping the temperature in the examination room on the cooler side
Using a cross-legged position when examining the child
Performing a fine-needle biopsy
Using tangential lighting in the examination room
Using a cross-legged position when examining the child
Identify a treatment for phimosis.
Antibiotics
Topical steroids
Watchful waiting
YAG laser
Topical steroids
Determine a characteristic of severe vaginal adhesions.
Abdominal pain
Anuria
Perianal itching
Increased thirst
Anuria
Determine which of the following factors would impact the management of phimosis.
Associated morbidity
Duration
Level of pain
Shat size
Associated morbidity
Determine which of the following factors would impact the management of phimosis.
Related history
Shat size
Duration
Nonretraction type
Nonretraction type
