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Pediatrics > Pediatric Disorders of the Urinary system > Flashcards

Pediatric Disorders of the Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Determine how the clinician can recognize acute glomerulonephritis in a child.

Dysuria

Decreased GFR

Hematuria

Normal BUN–creatinine ratio

A

Hematuria

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2
Q

Identify a condition that can increase the risk for acute pyelonephritis.

Kidney stone

Enuresis

Duplex collecting system

Sleep apnea

A

Kidney stone

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3
Q

Propose a symptom that neonates with urinary tract infection may present with.

Back pain

Malodorous urine

Hematuria

Fever

A

Fever

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4
Q

Determine a characteristic of stage 1 Wilms tumor.

There is penetration through the peritoneal surface.

The vessels of the renal sinus are not involved.

There are positive lymph nodes in the pelvis.

There are lymph node metastases beyond the abdomen.

A

The vessels of the renal sinus are not involved.

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5
Q

Determine what diagnostic imaging test can confirm a diagnosis of pyelonephritis.

CRP

Four-field chest radiography

Renal biopsy

MRI

A

MRI

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6
Q

Predict what happens in glomerular inflammation and expansion.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced.

Creatinine clearance is increased.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is stimulated.

Sodium retention is reversed.

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced.

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7
Q

Determine what bacterium causes pyelonephritis.

Proteus

Yersinia

Mycoplasma

Prevotella

A

Prevotella

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8
Q

Determine what contributes to the etiology of urinary tract infections in children.

Bowel habits

Acute nephrotic syndrome

Urolithiasis

Urethritis

A

Bowel habits

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9
Q

Propose a symptom that neonates with urinary tract infection may present with.

Malodorous urine

Persistent irritability

Failure to thrive

Back pain

A

Failure to thrive

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10
Q

Propose a differential diagnosis for acute glomerulonephritis.

Lupus nephritis

Kawasaki disease

Urolithiasis

Dysfunctional voiding

A

Lupus nephritis

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11
Q

Determine what diagnostic imaging test can confirm a diagnosis of pyelonephritis.

Chest CT

Renal biopsy

Four-field chest radiography

DSMA scan

A

DSMA scan

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12
Q

Predict a physical examination finding of a child with enuresis.

Enlarged bladder

Diminished reflexes

Suprapubic pain

Right upper quadrant pain

A

Enlarged bladder

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13
Q

Identify a condition that can increase the risk for acute pyelonephritis.

Sleep apnea

Neurogenic bladder

Duplex collecting system

Enuresis

A

Neurogenic bladder

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14
Q

Identify a condition associated with enuresis.

Hinman syndrome

Bacteroides infection

Constipation

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Constipation

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15
Q

Determine an abnormality in a child’s urinary tract that is associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection.

Neurogenic bladder

Fistula

Renal tumor

Varicocele

A

Neurogenic bladder

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16
Q

Determine how the clinician can recognize acute glomerulonephritis in a child.

Dysuria

Decreased GFR

Dribbling

Renal insufficiency

A

Renal insufficiency

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17
Q

Determine a characteristic of stage 1 Wilms tumor.

There are lymph node metastases beyond the abdomen.

There is penetration through the peritoneal surface.

The renal capsule is intact.

There are positive lymph nodes in the pelvis.

A

The renal capsule is intact.

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18
Q

Identify an appropriate medication used to treat Wilms tumor.

Hydroxyurea

Leuprolide

Vincristine

Fluoropyrimidine

A

Vincristine

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19
Q

Johnny is a 6-year-old who presents to the clinic with fever, flank pain, and urinary frequency and urgency. Predict another symptom that confirms a diagnosis for the clinician.

Peripheral edema

Suprapubic pain

Vomiting

Daytime incontinence

A

Vomiting

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20
Q

Determine a symptom of enuresis that requires a referral to a specialist.

Previous pelvic surgery

Incomplete voiding

Nocturnal diuresis

Urinary dribbling

A

Previous pelvic surgery

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21
Q

Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.

Urgency

Jaundice

Obstruction

Anal pruritus

A

Urgency

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22
Q

Propose a differential diagnosis for acute glomerulonephritis.

Acute kidney injury

Dysfunctional voiding

Kawasaki disease

Urethritis

A

Acute kidney injury

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23
Q

Predict a physical examination finding of a child with enuresis.

Tight heel cords

Suprapubic pain

Bulging hymen

Right upper quadrant pain

A

Tight heel cords

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24
Q

Determine an abnormality in a child’s urinary tract that is associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection.

Spinal dysraphism

Spermatocele

Varicocele

Renal tumor

A

Spinal dysraphism

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25
Q

Determine a symptom of Wilms tumor.

Jaundice

Erythroblastosis

Fever

New onset urinary incontinence

A

Fever

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26
Q

Identify an appropriate medication used to treat Wilms tumor.

Erlotinib

Leuprolide

Hydroxyurea

Doxorubicin

A

Doxorubicin

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27
Q

Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.

Jaundice

Failure to thrive

Obstruction

Crossing the legs

A

Crossing the legs

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28
Q

Conclude how glomerular inflammation occurs.

Activation of the complement cascade

Stimulated from water retention

Proliferation of monocytes

Excessive diuresis

A

Activation of the complement cascade

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29
Q

Identify a condition associated with enuresis.

Ebstein anomaly

Hinman syndrome

Bacteroides infection

Chronic kidney disease

A

Chronic kidney disease

30
Q

Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.

Dysuria

Jaundice

Anal pruritus

Failure to thrive

A

Dysuria

31
Q

Identify a symptom of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis.

Failure to thrive

Obstruction

Jaundice

Urgency

A

Urgency

32
Q

Identify a condition associated with enuresis.

Hinman syndrome

Diabetes mellitus

Vesicoureteral reflux

Ebstein anomaly

A

Diabetes mellitus

33
Q

Propose a differential diagnosis for acute glomerulonephritis.

Dysfunctional voiding

Urolithiasis

Goodpasture syndrome

Kawasaki disease

A

Goodpasture syndrome

34
Q

Establish a condition that should be considered when establishing a diagnosis of Wilms tumor.

Ureterocele

Renal cell carcinoma

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Dysfunctional elimination

A

Renal cell carcinoma

35
Q

Propose a symptom that neonates with urinary tract infection may present with.

Malodorous urine

Sepsis

Back pain

Persistent irritability

A

Sepsis

36
Q

Determine what bacterium causes pyelonephritis.

Streptococcus

Moraxella

Yersinia

Proteus

A

Moraxella

37
Q

Propose how a clinician can determine the retractability of the testis.

Keeping the temperature in the examination room on the cooler side

Examining an infant in a warm bath

Using tangential lighting in the examination room

Performing a fine-needle biopsy

A

Examining an infant in a warm bath

38
Q

Identify a type of balanitis.

Circinate

Paraphimotic

Circumscribed

Zoonotic

A

Circinate

39
Q

Predict a symptom of labial fusion.

Poor growth and development

Diminished appetite

Refusal to urinate

Failure to thrive

A

Refusal to urinate

40
Q

Recommend how the clinician should manage a child presenting with cryptorchidism.

Refer to general surgery for gender re-assignment surgery.

Refer to a pediatric surgeon for orchiopexy.

Monitor for signs of penile cancer.

Refer to a pediatric psychologist for evaluation.

A

Refer to a pediatric surgeon for orchiopexy.

41
Q

Determine a characteristic of severe vaginal adhesions.

Urinary retention

Perianal itching

Increased thirst

Constipation

A

Urinary retention

42
Q

Determine what results in pathological phimosis.

Cryptorchidism

Orchitis

Orchiopexy

Forcible foreskin retraction

A

Forcible foreskin retraction

43
Q

Determine the location of an undescended testis.

Anywhere along the normal pathway of descent

In the abdomen

In the sigmoid colon

Just below the jejunum

A

Anywhere along the normal pathway of descent

44
Q

Determine a cause of balanitis.

Penile cancer

Circumcision

Phimosis

Enuresis

A

Penile cancer

45
Q

Determine what results in pathological phimosis.

Orchitis

Balanitis

Cryptorchidism

Inguinal hernia

A

Balanitis

46
Q

Identify a complication of a hydrocele.

Behavioral health concerns

Rupture

Foreskin erosion

Penile cancer

A

Rupture

47
Q

How is a hydrocele formed?

Physical trauma

Irritation by an environmental stimulus

Connection with a peritoneal cavity hernia

Bacterial infection

A

Connection with a peritoneal cavity hernia

48
Q

What sign or symptom of testicular torsion is similar to that of orchitis?

Visible testicular swelling

Enuresis

Small red erosions on the testis

Foul-smelling discharge

A

Visible testicular swelling

49
Q

Recommend how the clinician should manage a child presenting with cryptorchidism.

Refer to general surgery for gender re-assignment surgery.

Do nothing because all cases resolve spontaneously.

Refer to a pediatric psychologist for evaluation.

Wait for self-resolution.

A

Wait for self-resolution.

50
Q

Identify a risk factor of cryptorchidism in boys.

Urinary habits

Genetics

Trauma

Infection

A

Genetics

51
Q

Identify a potential sequella of phimosis.

Foreskin fusion

Penial adhesion

Balanitis

Nonretractile foreskin

A

Nonretractile foreskin

52
Q

What is a key symptom of balanitis?

Inflamed testicles

Painful foreskin and penis

Euphoria

Painless penile swelling

A

Painful foreskin and penis

53
Q

Identify a treatment for phimosis.

Watchful waiting

Repeated catheterization

Nonsurgical adhesiolysis

Antibiotics

A

Nonsurgical adhesiolysis

54
Q

Propose how the clinician can determine whether a patient has orchitis.

Perform a screening ultrasound.

Obtain a thorough history.

Perform a pelvic X-ray.

Perform a KUB.

A

Perform a screening ultrasound.

55
Q

Determine a characteristic of severe vaginal adhesions.

Urinary retention

Perianal itching

Increased thirst

Abdominal pain

A

Urinary retention

56
Q

Identify a congenital abnormality associated with Wilms tumor.

Hinman syndrome

Cryptorchidism

Neurogenic bladder

Abdominal mass

A

Cryptorchidism

57
Q

Establish a condition that should be considered when establishing a diagnosis of Wilms tumor.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Dysfunctional elimination

Ureterocele

Hydronephrosis

A

Hydronephrosis

58
Q

Identify an appropriate medication used to treat Wilms tumor.

Hydroxyurea

Leuprolide

Erlotinib

Actinomycin-D

A

Actinomycin-D

59
Q

Determine a symptom of Wilms tumor.

Malodorous urine

New onset urinary incontinence

Erythroblastosis

Abdominal swelling

A

Abdominal swelling

60
Q

Predict a physical examination finding of a child with enuresis.

Right upper quadrant pain

Suprapubic pain

Diminished reflexes

Poor anal sphincter tone

A

Poor anal sphincter tone

61
Q

Determine how the clinician can recognize acute glomerulonephritis in a child.

Normal BUN–creatinine ratio

Generalized glomerular infiltration

Dribbling

Decreased GFR

A

Generalized glomerular infiltration

62
Q

Identify a condition that can increase the risk for acute pyelonephritis.

Sleep apnea

Constipation

Diabetes mellitus

Enuresis

A

Constipation

63
Q

Identify a cause of orchitis.

Rotavirus

Yersinia

Gonorrhea

Herpesvirales

A

Gonorrhea

64
Q

What sign or symptom of testicular torsion is similar to that of orchitis?

Lymph node swelling of the affected area

Small red erosions on the testis

Enuresis

Foul-smelling discharge

A

Lymph node swelling of the affected area

65
Q

Establish how the clinician will determine the presence of a hydrocele.

Urine culture and sensitivity

No reducibility

Complete blood count

Pelvic X-ray

A

No reducibility

66
Q

Determine a cause of balanitis.

Penile cancer

Circumcision

Enuresis

Dysuria

A

Penile cancer

67
Q

Propose how a clinician can determine the retractability of the testis.

Keeping the temperature in the examination room on the cooler side

Using a cross-legged position when examining the child

Performing a fine-needle biopsy

Using tangential lighting in the examination room

A

Using a cross-legged position when examining the child

68
Q

Identify a treatment for phimosis.

Antibiotics

Topical steroids

Watchful waiting

YAG laser

A

Topical steroids

69
Q

Determine a characteristic of severe vaginal adhesions.

Abdominal pain

Anuria

Perianal itching

Increased thirst

A

Anuria

70
Q

Determine which of the following factors would impact the management of phimosis.

Associated morbidity

Duration

Level of pain

Shat size

A

Associated morbidity

71
Q

Determine which of the following factors would impact the management of phimosis.

Related history

Shat size

Duration

Nonretraction type

A

Nonretraction type

Pediatrics (36 decks)

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