Birth Defects Flashcards

1
Q

Determine a symptom of spina bifida.

Atony

Hydrocephalus

Poor weight gain

Fatigue

A

Hydrocephalus

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2
Q

Propose a maternal illness condition that predisposes a baby to a congenital heart defect.

Hardikar syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Stickler syndrome

Hypertelorism

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

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3
Q

Predict how the clinician will determine a diagnosis of a septal detect and whether it is atrial or ventricular.

Auscultation

Guthrie test

Computerized tomography (CT)

Immunoassay

A

Auscultation

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4
Q

Combination of genetics and environment

Low birth weight

Hyperactivity

Female gender

A

Combination of genetics and environment

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5
Q

Identify one of the components of a club foot deformity.

Abductus

Valgus

Aquinas

Adductus

A

Adductus

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6
Q

Recommend how the clinician can confirm a diagnosis of spina bifida.

Physical assessment

Maternal serum testing for alpha-fetoprotein

Immunoassay

Spine X-ray

A

Maternal serum testing for alpha-fetoprotein

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7
Q

Determine a risk factor for spina bifida.

Phenylketonuria

Low levels of alpha-fetoprotein levels

Folic acid deficiency before and during pregnancy

Lithium exposure

A

Folic acid deficiency before and during pregnancy

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8
Q

Identify a type of neural tube defect.

Microcephaly

Spina bifida occulta

Tales valgus

Micrognathia

A

Spina bifida occulta

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9
Q

Identify one of the components of a club foot deformity.

Valgus

Abductus

Adductus

Aquinas

A

Adductus

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10
Q

Propose what the clinician should assess in a child with clubfoot.

The presence of scoliosis

The extent of poor muscle consistency

The sensitivity to light touch

The Achilles reflex

A

The extent of poor muscle consistency

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11
Q

Propose what can result from uncorrected club foot.

Metatarsal fracture

Walking on the instep of the foot

Inability to wear shoes

Calluses

A

Calluses

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12
Q

Establish how phenylketonuria (PKU) is detected.

History and physical assessment

Fetal serum taurine measurement

Maternal serum testing for acetylcholinesterase

Tandem mass spectrometry

A

Tandem mass spectrometry

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13
Q

Some congenital heart defects can present as cyanotic and acyanotic depending upon which part of the heart is affected. Determine which is categorized as both cyanotic and acyanotic.

Ebstein’s anomaly

Levo-transposition of the great arteries

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Ventricular septal defect

A

Ventricular septal defect

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14
Q

Predict how the clinician will determine a diagnosis of a septal detect and whether it is atrial or ventricular.

Guthrie test

Photometric detection

Immunoassay

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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15
Q

Predict what can happen in a child with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU).

Weight loss

Microcephaly

Macrocytosis

Currarino syndrome

A

Microcephaly

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16
Q

Determine a syndromic cleft associated with a genetic syndrome.

Patau syndrome

Sjogren’s syndrome

Myasthenia gravis

Turner syndrome

A

Patau syndrome

17
Q

Recommend an effective treatment modality in children with club foot.

Achilles tendon release

ORIF of the ankle

Spica casting

The Kite method

A

Achilles tendon release

18
Q

Recommend how the clinician can confirm a diagnosis of spina bifida.

Tandem mass spectrometry

Physical assessment

Spine X-ray

Maternal serum testing for acetylcholinesterase

A

Maternal serum testing for acetylcholinesterase

19
Q

Establish a food that is high in phenylalanine.

Dark leafy greens

Ham

Soybeans

Strip steak

A

Soybeans

20
Q

Determine a risk factor for spina bifida.

Lithium exposure

Phenylketonuria

Female gender of the baby

Rubella infection

A

Female gender of the baby

21
Q

Recommend how the clinician can confirm a diagnosis of spina bifida.

Tandem mass spectrometry

Physical assessment

Immunoassay

Amniocentesis

A

Amniocentesis

22
Q

Some congenital heart defects can present as cyanotic and acyanotic depending upon which part of the heart is affected. Determine which is categorized as both cyanotic and acyanotic.

Mitral stenosis

Tetralogy of Fallot

Levo-transposition of the great arteries

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

A

Tetralogy of Fallot