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Pediatrics > Disorders of the cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Disorders of the cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Propose a condition that affects the great vessels of the heart.

Shone’s syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Tetralogy of Fallot

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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2
Q

Identify a risk factor for a pathological murmur in a child relative to the child’s family history.

Down’s syndrome

Kawasaki disease

Acute rheumatic fever

Congenital heart disease in a first degree relative

A

Congenital heart disease in a first degree relative

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3
Q

Establish a disease that may be linked to congenital heart disease.

Spina bifida

Congenital hypothyroidism

Turner syndrome

Diabetes mellitus

A

Turner syndrome

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4
Q

Determine what is both a cyanotic and an obstructive cardiac defect.

Ebstein’s anomaly

Mitral stenosis

Pulmonary stenosis

Persistent truncus arteriosus

A

Pulmonary stenosis

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5
Q

Determine what deficits are frequently found in a child with Trisomy 21.

Tetralogy of Fallot

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Anal atresia

Pulmonary atresia

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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6
Q

Identify a risk factor for a pathological murmur in a child relative to the child’s personal history.

Hepatomegaly

Marfan syndrome

CHD in a first degree relative

Failure to thrive

A

Failure to thrive

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7
Q

A child presenting to the office for cardiac evaluation has a significant family history predisposing him or her to sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. Establish what one of those conditions may be.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

Predict when a clinician would refer the patient for evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist.

In addition to a pathologic murmur, there are other symptoms indicating heart disease.

If the clinician has determined there is no identifiable problem

When emergency treatment is needed

When the clinician is unable to see the patient because of heavy volume

A

In addition to a pathologic murmur, there are other symptoms indicating heart disease.

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9
Q

Propose a condition that affects the great vessels of the heart.

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Shone’s syndrome

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection

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10
Q

Identify a common cause of SCA and SCD in children.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Systolic click

Frequent lower respiratory tract infections

Coronary artery anomalies

A

Coronary artery anomalies

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11
Q

Propose an element that should be included in the physical examination of a child with a pathologic murmur.

Assessment of developmental milestone

Check of the neuromuscular reflexes

Skin turgor check

Auscultation over the heart valves

A

Auscultation over the heart valves

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12
Q

Identify a risk factor for sudden cardiac death.

Obesity

Exercise-induced asthma

Prolonged periods of physical inactivity

A holosystolic functional murmur

A

Obesity

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13
Q

Establish a disease that may be linked to congenital heart disease.

Heart failure

Congenital hypothyroidism

Spina bifida

Diabetes mellitus

A

Heart failure

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14
Q

Predict a common congenital cardiac anomaly in children.

DORV

RAPVC

VSD

HRHS

A

VSD

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15
Q

Predict what contributes to sudden cardiac death.

Ventricular fibrillation

Hyperdynamic procardium after prolonged physical activity

Atrial fibrillation

Respiratory manifestations of heart failure

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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16
Q

Identify a risk factor for a pathological murmur in a child relative to the child’s physical examination.

Double-outlet right ventricle

Mitral valve prolapse

Failure to thrive

Reduced exercise capacity

A

Failure to thrive

17
Q

A child presenting to the office for cardiac evaluation has a significant family history predisposing him or her to sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. Establish what one of those conditions may be.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Ebstein’s anomaly

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

18
Q

Determine a risk factor that predisposes a child to a congenital anomaly of the heart.

Brother had the chicken pox when he was 2.

Mom has a gluten-free diet.

Dad had a patent ductus arteriosus as an infant.

Dad’s brother had transposition of the great vessels.

A

Dad had a patent ductus arteriosus as an infant.

19
Q

Identify a cyanotic congenital heart defect.

Coarctation of the aorta

Pentalogy of Cantrell

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

Malformation of the great arteries

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

20
Q

Identify a moderate-level risk factor associated with dyslipidemia in a child.

End-stage renal disease

Erythema nodosum

Nephrotic syndrome

Kawasaki disease with coronary aneurysm

A

Nephrotic syndrome

21
Q

Describe a characteristic of genetic dyslipidemia.

Chronic kidney disease can trigger it.

A family history of cardiac dysrhythmias triggers it.

The risk for hypertension can increase the likelihood of problems.

It can be an autosomal dominant disorder.

A

It can be an autosomal dominant disorder.

22
Q

Predict when the clinician should evaluate a child for dyslipidemia.

If the child’s grandfather has a stroke

If the child’s aunt has diabetes

If the child’s great aunt takes Glucophage twice daily

If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court

A

If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court

23
Q

Identify a class of pediatric dyslipidemia.

Posturally related

Idiopathic

Secondary to a medical condition

Situationally mediated

A

Secondary to a medical condition

24
Q

Determine a characteristic of cardiovascular syncope.

It is accompanied by muffled hearing.

It is also known as vasodepressor syncope.

It is accompanied by echolalia.

It has little or no prodrome.

A

It has little or no prodrome.

25
Q

The clinician is discussing the prevention of cardiovascular disease with the parents of an obese 13 year old. Recommend a healthy behavior to engage in.

Start taking a medication for weight loss.

Consider gastric bypass surgery.

Follow an intensive home workout at least three times per week.

Participate in a team sport at school.

A

Participate in a team sport at school.

26
Q

Predict what causes noncardiovascular syncope in children.

Breath-holding spells

Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome

Dyspnea

Dizziness

A

Breath-holding spells

27
Q

Identify a trigger for neurally mediated syncope.

Joy

Somnolence

Euphoria

Physical exhaustion

A

Physical exhaustion

28
Q

Charlie is 2 years old. He comes in with his mother for a wellness visit. The clinician determines that Charlie should have a blood pressure reading at every visit because he has what condition?

He burps frequently.

He has recurrent urinary tract infections.

He is lethargic.

He has frequent inner ear infections.

A

He has recurrent urinary tract infections.

29
Q

Explain how the clinician could define syncope in children.

It is a fainting episode.

It terminates in a postictal state.

It is mediated by electrical cardiac pathways.

It is irreversible, resulting in cardiac deficits.

A

It is a fainting episode.

30
Q

Recommend a treatment for pediatric dyslipidemia.

Avoid family gatherings.

Engage in research to treat the problem.

Decrease salt intake.

Modify lifestyle.

A

Modify lifestyle.

31
Q

Determine a characteristic of cardiovascular syncope.

It is accompanied by echolalia.

It is also known as vasodepressor syncope.

There is a history of cardiac disease.

The prodrome lasts just a few seconds.

A

There is a history of cardiac disease.

32
Q

Identify a chronic condition that may contribute to hypertension in children.

Prolonged QT interval

Sleep apnea

Gestational diabetes

Cognitive dysfunction

A

Sleep apnea

33
Q

Determine a condition that is caused by hypertension in a child.

Decreased systemic circulation

Ventricular fibrillation

Increase cardiac output

Left ventricular hypertrophy

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

34
Q

Predict when the clinician should evaluate a child for dyslipidemia.

If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court

If the child’s cousin is on a statin to lower cholesterol

If the child’s grandfather has a stroke

If the child’s aunt has diabetes

A

If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court

35
Q

The clinician is discussing the prevention of cardiovascular disease with the parents of an obese 13 year old. Recommend a healthy behavior to engage in.

Decrease the amount of saturated fats in the daily diet.

Start taking a medication for weight loss.

Consider gastric bypass surgery.

Follow an intensive home workout at least three times per week.

A

Decrease the amount of saturated fats in the daily diet.

36
Q

Although rare in children under the age of 6 years, syncope can occur with a known history of which of the following?

Uncontrollable crying

Hyperglycemia

Cardiac dysrhythmias

Excessive diuresis

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias

37
Q

Identify a best practice for measuring blood pressure in a child.

The diaphragm of the stethoscope should be placed over the radial artery.

When taking the measurement in the legs, the child should be supine.

The bell of the stethoscope should be placed over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.

In a child, cuff size does not matter as long as it is small.

A

The bell of the stethoscope should be placed over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.

38
Q

As part of the routine screening for syncope, the clinician performs an ECG in the office. Predict what the clinician is looking for.

T wave inversion

Arrhythmia of any kind

Presence of a gallop

Peaked P waves

A

Arrhythmia of any kind

39
Q

An 8-year-old child has fainted. The clinician has determined that the child is experiencing noncardiovascular syncope or neurally mediating syncope. Propose a symptom that is common to both of these types of syncope.

Chest pain

Nausea

Palpitations

Visual changes

A

Nausea

Pediatrics (36 decks)

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