Disorders of the cardiovascular system Flashcards
Propose a condition that affects the great vessels of the heart.
Shone’s syndrome
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Tetralogy of Fallot
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus
Identify a risk factor for a pathological murmur in a child relative to the child’s family history.
Down’s syndrome
Kawasaki disease
Acute rheumatic fever
Congenital heart disease in a first degree relative
Congenital heart disease in a first degree relative
Establish a disease that may be linked to congenital heart disease.
Spina bifida
Congenital hypothyroidism
Turner syndrome
Diabetes mellitus
Turner syndrome
Determine what is both a cyanotic and an obstructive cardiac defect.
Ebstein’s anomaly
Mitral stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Pulmonary stenosis
Determine what deficits are frequently found in a child with Trisomy 21.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Anal atresia
Pulmonary atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Identify a risk factor for a pathological murmur in a child relative to the child’s personal history.
Hepatomegaly
Marfan syndrome
CHD in a first degree relative
Failure to thrive
Failure to thrive
A child presenting to the office for cardiac evaluation has a significant family history predisposing him or her to sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. Establish what one of those conditions may be.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Predict when a clinician would refer the patient for evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist.
In addition to a pathologic murmur, there are other symptoms indicating heart disease.
If the clinician has determined there is no identifiable problem
When emergency treatment is needed
When the clinician is unable to see the patient because of heavy volume
In addition to a pathologic murmur, there are other symptoms indicating heart disease.
Propose a condition that affects the great vessels of the heart.
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Shone’s syndrome
Tetralogy of Fallot
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Identify a common cause of SCA and SCD in children.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Systolic click
Frequent lower respiratory tract infections
Coronary artery anomalies
Coronary artery anomalies
Propose an element that should be included in the physical examination of a child with a pathologic murmur.
Assessment of developmental milestone
Check of the neuromuscular reflexes
Skin turgor check
Auscultation over the heart valves
Auscultation over the heart valves
Identify a risk factor for sudden cardiac death.
Obesity
Exercise-induced asthma
Prolonged periods of physical inactivity
A holosystolic functional murmur
Obesity
Establish a disease that may be linked to congenital heart disease.
Heart failure
Congenital hypothyroidism
Spina bifida
Diabetes mellitus
Heart failure
Predict a common congenital cardiac anomaly in children.
DORV
RAPVC
VSD
HRHS
VSD
Predict what contributes to sudden cardiac death.
Ventricular fibrillation
Hyperdynamic procardium after prolonged physical activity
Atrial fibrillation
Respiratory manifestations of heart failure
Ventricular fibrillation
Identify a risk factor for a pathological murmur in a child relative to the child’s physical examination.
Double-outlet right ventricle
Mitral valve prolapse
Failure to thrive
Reduced exercise capacity
Failure to thrive
A child presenting to the office for cardiac evaluation has a significant family history predisposing him or her to sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. Establish what one of those conditions may be.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Ebstein’s anomaly
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Determine a risk factor that predisposes a child to a congenital anomaly of the heart.
Brother had the chicken pox when he was 2.
Mom has a gluten-free diet.
Dad had a patent ductus arteriosus as an infant.
Dad’s brother had transposition of the great vessels.
Dad had a patent ductus arteriosus as an infant.
Identify a cyanotic congenital heart defect.
Coarctation of the aorta
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome
Malformation of the great arteries
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome
Identify a moderate-level risk factor associated with dyslipidemia in a child.
End-stage renal disease
Erythema nodosum
Nephrotic syndrome
Kawasaki disease with coronary aneurysm
Nephrotic syndrome
Describe a characteristic of genetic dyslipidemia.
Chronic kidney disease can trigger it.
A family history of cardiac dysrhythmias triggers it.
The risk for hypertension can increase the likelihood of problems.
It can be an autosomal dominant disorder.
It can be an autosomal dominant disorder.
Predict when the clinician should evaluate a child for dyslipidemia.
If the child’s grandfather has a stroke
If the child’s aunt has diabetes
If the child’s great aunt takes Glucophage twice daily
If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court
If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court
Identify a class of pediatric dyslipidemia.
Posturally related
Idiopathic
Secondary to a medical condition
Situationally mediated
Secondary to a medical condition
Determine a characteristic of cardiovascular syncope.
It is accompanied by muffled hearing.
It is also known as vasodepressor syncope.
It is accompanied by echolalia.
It has little or no prodrome.
It has little or no prodrome.
The clinician is discussing the prevention of cardiovascular disease with the parents of an obese 13 year old. Recommend a healthy behavior to engage in.
Start taking a medication for weight loss.
Consider gastric bypass surgery.
Follow an intensive home workout at least three times per week.
Participate in a team sport at school.
Participate in a team sport at school.
Predict what causes noncardiovascular syncope in children.
Breath-holding spells
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Dyspnea
Dizziness
Breath-holding spells
Identify a trigger for neurally mediated syncope.
Joy
Somnolence
Euphoria
Physical exhaustion
Physical exhaustion
Charlie is 2 years old. He comes in with his mother for a wellness visit. The clinician determines that Charlie should have a blood pressure reading at every visit because he has what condition?
He burps frequently.
He has recurrent urinary tract infections.
He is lethargic.
He has frequent inner ear infections.
He has recurrent urinary tract infections.
Explain how the clinician could define syncope in children.
It is a fainting episode.
It terminates in a postictal state.
It is mediated by electrical cardiac pathways.
It is irreversible, resulting in cardiac deficits.
It is a fainting episode.
Recommend a treatment for pediatric dyslipidemia.
Avoid family gatherings.
Engage in research to treat the problem.
Decrease salt intake.
Modify lifestyle.
Modify lifestyle.
Determine a characteristic of cardiovascular syncope.
It is accompanied by echolalia.
It is also known as vasodepressor syncope.
There is a history of cardiac disease.
The prodrome lasts just a few seconds.
There is a history of cardiac disease.
Identify a chronic condition that may contribute to hypertension in children.
Prolonged QT interval
Sleep apnea
Gestational diabetes
Cognitive dysfunction
Sleep apnea
Determine a condition that is caused by hypertension in a child.
Decreased systemic circulation
Ventricular fibrillation
Increase cardiac output
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Predict when the clinician should evaluate a child for dyslipidemia.
If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court
If the child’s cousin is on a statin to lower cholesterol
If the child’s grandfather has a stroke
If the child’s aunt has diabetes
If the child’s brother experienced sudden cardiac death on the basketball court
The clinician is discussing the prevention of cardiovascular disease with the parents of an obese 13 year old. Recommend a healthy behavior to engage in.
Decrease the amount of saturated fats in the daily diet.
Start taking a medication for weight loss.
Consider gastric bypass surgery.
Follow an intensive home workout at least three times per week.
Decrease the amount of saturated fats in the daily diet.
Although rare in children under the age of 6 years, syncope can occur with a known history of which of the following?
Uncontrollable crying
Hyperglycemia
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Excessive diuresis
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Identify a best practice for measuring blood pressure in a child.
The diaphragm of the stethoscope should be placed over the radial artery.
When taking the measurement in the legs, the child should be supine.
The bell of the stethoscope should be placed over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.
In a child, cuff size does not matter as long as it is small.
The bell of the stethoscope should be placed over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.
As part of the routine screening for syncope, the clinician performs an ECG in the office. Predict what the clinician is looking for.
T wave inversion
Arrhythmia of any kind
Presence of a gallop
Peaked P waves
Arrhythmia of any kind
An 8-year-old child has fainted. The clinician has determined that the child is experiencing noncardiovascular syncope or neurally mediating syncope. Propose a symptom that is common to both of these types of syncope.
Chest pain
Nausea
Palpitations
Visual changes
Nausea
