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NBCOT LAST Attempt > Pediatric Conditions > Flashcards

Pediatric Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21
- heart & GI defects
- immune disorders (autoimmune, some cancers, infectious diseases i.e pneumonia)
- sleep apnea
- obesity
- spinal problems (antlantoaxial instability = at risk for SCI from overextension of the neck)
- leukemia
- dementia
- endocrine problems
- dental problems
- seizures
- ear infections, hearing/vision problems

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2
Q

Conditions associated with prematurity

A
  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
  • bronchopulmonary dysphasia (BPD)
  • intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
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3
Q

Myelomeningocele spica bifida

A

Most severe
- motor/sensory deficits of LEs (stance, locomotion issues, bowel/bladder dysfunction
- LE weakness/paralysis)
- UE impairments: motor weakness, impaired hand/finger dexterity, motor speed & planning, bimanual coordination (affects eye-hand coordination interfering with ADLs such as buttoning a shirt
- spatial relations, body image, hand dominance development
- perception, cognitive development issues

Type 2 Arnold-Chairi malformation: abnormal brain development involving cerebellum

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4
Q

ASD

A
  • Communication, social, repetitive behavior
  • perseveration, inflexible routines
  • lack of safety
  • SI, food preferences
  • decreased environmental awareness
  • difficulty with transitions
  • no eye contact
  • no reciprocal interaction
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5
Q

ADHD

A

Inattention, impulsive, hyperactive

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6
Q

Acquired brain injury

A

LOC & post traumatic amnesia
- impaired self care & writing
- decreased postural control
- vision & sensory
- delayed info processing
- aphasia
- ataxia

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7
Q

Spastic CP

A

Stiff, tight muscles, + Babinski sign, pyramidal, UMN disease
- Hemiplegia
- diplegia
- quadriplegia

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8
Q

Dyskinetic CP

A

Extrapyramidal, LMN, involuntary movements (chorea/jerky, choreoathetosis = both jerky & slow writhing movements)
- athetoid: writhing
- dystopia: distorted, repetitive posture

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9
Q

Ataxic CP

A

Shaky & balance issues, cerebellum dysfunction
- ataxic: jerky, uncoordinated, difficulty timing, unbalanced trunk/limb posture, may/may not have hypotonia

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10
Q

Mixed CP

A

Pyramidal & extrapyramidal, multiple movement patterns

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11
Q

Conditions associated with CP

A
  • ID: attention, memory, decisions, problem solving, language, processing speed
  • visual: strabismus, nystagmus, retinopathy, homoymous hemianopsia, hyperopia, cortical vision impairment, retinopathy
  • hearing, language, speech: articulation, reading, expressive/receptive language
  • seizures
  • feeding & growth: hypotonia, weak suck, coordinated swallow, tonic bite, hyperactive gag, tongue thirst, constipation, gastroesophageal reflex, saliva control
  • osteopenia: weak/brittle bones, fractures
  • pain, sleep issues, bladder control, behavior
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12
Q

CP interventions

A

Constraint induced movement therapy, NDT, physical exercise, adaptive seating, serial casting, AE, AT

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13
Q

WC adaptations for CP

A

Solid seat/back, trunk support, tray, tilt seat 10-15 deg tilt, cushions, inserts, power controls

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14
Q

Orthotics for CP

A

AFO, resting hand splint

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15
Q

Marfans

A

Delayed walking, scoliosis, coxa Vera, stooped shoulders, skull assymetries

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16
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Dwarfism (grow 4ft or less)
- short limbs
- lumbar lordosis, coxa vara, cubits varus
- back/leg pain

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17
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bones
- fetal: most severe
- infantile: childhood fx
- juvenile: least severe

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18
Q

Congenital clubhand

A

Partial/full absence of radius, ulnar shaft bowing, underdeveloped UE nerves/muscles
- hand remains functional

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19
Q

Congenital clubfoot

A

Unilateral or bilateral food medial deviation

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20
Q

Polydactly

A

Extra fingers/toes

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21
Q

Megadactyly

A

Overly large digits

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22
Q

Microdactyly

A

Overly small digits

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23
Q

Syndactyly

A

No web space

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24
Q

Clinodactyly

A

Abnormal bent finger- often in Down syndrome

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25
Amelia
Absent limb or distal segments - phocomelia: prox segment missing - paraxial deficiencies: medial/lateral side of limb missing - transverse hemimelia: amputated across central area
26
Anencephaly
No development above brain stem, don’t survive infancy
27
Encephalocele
Protrusion in occipital brain - cog impairment - hydrocephalus - motor impairment - seizures
28
Phenylketonuria
ASD tendencies, severe ID, behavior issues
29
Galactosemia
LD, perception problems, tremors, choreoathetosis, ataxia
30
Lesch-Nathan syndrome
Infant appears normal then regresses - spasticity - self injurious behavior: nail biting, face rubbing - ID
31
Cytomegalovirus
universal precautions - low birth weight, hearing loss - microcephaly, neuro deficits - spleen/liver damage
32
Prader Willi syndrome
Hypotonia, food seeking behaviors - mod ID - poor thermoregulation
33
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Extra X chromosome, boys - emotional/behavior problems - can’t father children
34
William’s syndrome
Characteristic affinity for music, social skills, writing - ID - Visual spatial, motor difficulties - cerebral, heart issues
35
Chi du chat syndrome
Microcephaly, ID, hypotonia, failure to thrive, heart issues, respiratory & feeding
36
Turner’s syndrome
Visual perception, heart, congenital edema of extremities, no ID
37
Neurofibromatosis
Mild ID, LD - speech, skeletal issues
38
Fragile X
ID, hyper mobile joints, anxiety, delayed talking, hyperactive, seizures
39
Pervasive developmental delay
Impaired ideation, limited play
40
Tourette’s syndrome
Loss of muscle coordination, involuntary purposeless movement - ticks, coprolalia, incoherent grunts
41
Trisomy 13
Palau’s syndrome - microcephaly, neural tube deficits, most don’t survive
42
ODD
At least 6 m of 4+ criteria - loses temper, angry, resentful - argues with adults, does not follow rules - spiteful, vindictive - blames others for mistakes - deliberately annoys people, is easily annoyed - touchy
43
Conduct disorder
- aggressive towards people/animals - vandalism, theft, lying - violates rules, norms, rights of others - disruptive, uncooperative, sometimes combative - affects job, social, school
44
Learning disability
- dyspraxia, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia - attention, concentration, thinking, memory - speech, communication - auditory - sensory/perceptual deficits
45
Developmental coordination disorder/dyspraxia
Clumsy (FM, GM), social skills, delayed motor development, affects ADLs, school
46
Duchenne’s MD
Most common, progressive muscle weakness - low tone, + Gower’s sign, waddling gait, frequent falls, weak voluntary muscles (heart, diaphragm), trouble getting up/runnning, Trendelenburg sign, LD, behavior/speech issues
47
Becker’s MD
Slow progression, less severe than Duchennes - motor issues with hips, thighs, pelvis, shoulders - enlarged calves - cardiac involvement
48
Facioscapularhumeral MD
Affects face, scapula, upper arms - stooped shoulders (can’t raise arms up) - mask like face - weak abs, sometimes hips - NO CARDIAC/RESPIRATORY INVOLVEMENT
49
Limb girdle MD
Slow progression within first 30 y of life - prox muscles of pelvis & shoulder
50
Congenital MD
Hypotonia, decreased muscle mass, no deep tendon reflexes, contracture, general muscle weakness - Comorbid: torticollis, clubfoot, diaphragm/heart/spine issues - type 1: no severe intellectual function difficulty - type 2: muscle brain issues - type 3: muscle, brain, eye issues
51
Congenital syphilis
Infant must be isolated - early stage: hepatitis, failure to thrive, neuro issues - if infected: osteochondritis in joints, bone issues, dental issues, vision, auditory
52
Toxoplasmosis
ID, hydrocephalus, CP, seizures, GI issues, liver, cardiac, choreoretinitus
53
Rubella
ID, hearing loss, liver/spleen, seizures, heart issues, microcephaly - most won’t survive
54
Congenital herpes
Skin lesions 1-10 days after delivery, internal organ lesions, CNS damage, poor feeding/vomiting, fever, lethargy
55
Encephalitis
Brain inflammation due to bacteria or viral - brain damage (mild to severe)
56
Meningitis
Tissues over brain & SC infected - neuro motor - visual & auditory - LD - seizures
57
Arthrogyposis multiplex congenital
Spine issues, torticollis, congenital heart, contractures, weak, stiff/spindly extremities, paralysis, fibrous ankylosis (incomplete contracture) of joints - UE resting position = shoulders IR, elbows ext, wrists flexed - LE resting position = flexed, IR hips, clubfoot
58
Rett syndrome
Only girls, lose motor ability previously learned (walking), regress - slow growth - eventual muscle weakness, rigid, spastic - loss of communication, unusual eye movements, breathing issues, abnormal behaviors, cognitive issues, seizures, scoliosis, sleep issues, abnormal hand movements
59
ID
- heart disease, anemia, diabetes, obesity, seizures, ambulating issues, vision, speech Mild: IQ 55-70 (learn at 3-7th grade level) Mod: IQ 40-55 (learn at 2nd grade level) severe: IQ 25-40: support for routine, supervision for no routine, aspiration Profound: IQ under 25: assistance with all tasks, behavioral, orthopedic, neuromuscular issues
60
Juvenile RA
Arthritis in 1+ joints for 6+ weeks, systemic - pauclarticular: less than 5 joints - polyarticular: more than 5 joints - systemic (Stills disease): polyarticular with organ involvement (high fever, high WBC, rash, anorexia, liver/spleen enlarged)
61
AIDS
Speech, language, motor deficits, ataxia, spasticity, tremors, seizures, chronic respiratory illness
62
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Bilateral, dx via Barlow test (checks for clicking), early tx needed or Trendelenburg sign, hip laxity
63
Which childhood conditions result in learning disabilities?
Galactosemia, meningitis, klinefleter’s, neurofibromatosis, duchenne’s MD
64
Conditions with low tone (hypotonia)
Down syndrome, marfans, spina bifida, chi du chat, fragile X, MD, prader willi
65
Conditions with high tone (hypertonia)
Juvenile RA, AIDS, arthrogyposis multiplex congenital, lesch nyhan syndrome

NBCOT LAST Attempt (50 decks)

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