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NBCOT LAST Attempt > alzheimers/dementia > Flashcards

alzheimers/dementia Flashcards

1
Q

at what stage of dementia does a person require substantial assistance for daily activities?

A

middle dementia

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2
Q

dementia-like conditions that can be reversed

A

infections/immune disorders
Metabolic problems
Endocrine abnormalities
Nutritional deficiencies
Dehydration
Not getting enough thiamin (vitamin B-1)
Medication side effects
Subdural hematomas
Poisoning
Exposure to heavy metals

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3
Q

disorders linked to dementia

A
  • huntingtons
  • TBI
  • Parkinson’s disease
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4
Q

at what ACL stage should dementia patients not drive?

A

4.6

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5
Q

at what ACL stage should dementia patients require cues?

A

4.8

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6
Q

at what dementia stage is safety a concern?

A

middle stages (wandering, cause fire, let stranger into house)

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7
Q

what type of memory goes away first in early to mid dementia?

A

short term memory

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8
Q

when do dementia patients have trouble with managing money?

A

early stage

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9
Q

at what reisberg scale stage is dementia diagnosed by a doctor?

A

stage 4: moderate cognitive decline

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10
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A
  • most common cause of dementia
  • plaques/tangles in the brain
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11
Q

vascular dementia

A
  • 2nd most common dementia, less severe than AD
  • sudden symptoms SLOW progression
  • Difficulties problem solving, slow thinking, focus, organization, gait issues
  • More noticeable than memory loss
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12
Q

lewy body dementia

A
  • Abnormal balloon-like clumps of protein
  • acetylcholine/dopamine decline
  • GRADUAL ONSET
  • Acting out one’s dreams in sleep, visual hallucinations, problems
  • cognition, autonomic dysfunction, falls, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
  • uncoordinated/slow movement, tremors, rigidity (parkinsonism)
  • early symptoms: EF, visuospatial, focusing/attention, memory issues
  • later symptoms: aphasia, apraxia, spatial disorientation
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13
Q

frontotemporal dementia

A
  • Breakdown of nerve cells & their connections in frontal & temporal brain lobes
  • Associated with personality, behavior, language
  • IMMEDIATE, DISTINCT ONSET, PROGRESSIVE
  • thinking, judgment, movement affected
  • progressive aphasia
  • muscle weakness/wasting
  • corticobasal syndrome (arms/legs uncoordinated/stiff)
  • progressive supranuclear palsy
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14
Q

is dementia a disease?

A

no, it is an umbrella term with several causes
- general term for decline in memory, reasoning, other thinking skills

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15
Q

reality orientation

A
  • mild to mod cognitive impairment
  • include date, location, surroundings into conversation to help with orientation

VIA
1. 24 hr reality orientation
2. group setting

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16
Q

validation therapy

A

help client work through emotions behind challenging behaviors
- helps to communicate these emotions
- shows empathy
- for dementia, alzheimers, memory loss

17
Q

tailored activity program (TAP)

A
  • home based OT intervention
  • identifies interests/capabilities of dementia client
  • develops/tailors activities to individual
  • trains families in using activities in daily routine (collaborate with them)
18
Q

preventing wandering

A
  • routine, plan activities during times of wandering
  • reassure them if they feel disoriented (don’t correct them- use exploration and validation language)
  • ensure all basic needs are met (bathroom, eating)
  • avoid busy places
  • disguise exit doors using murals, locks out of sight
  • devices that signal when door/window is opened
  • eliminate overstimulation, prevent understimulation
  • safe uncluttered path with places to rest
  • signage to orient environment (sign to the bathroom)
19
Q

if patient starts to wander during a group activity

A

redirect them back to area/activity with calm voice & simple directions

20
Q

difficulty remembering where things are, trouble coming up with words and forgetting to attend appointments if not written down are signs of

A

mild cognitive decline (age-related)

21
Q

if a patient with dementia is making up answers when asked, what should be done?

A

interview the patient’s caregiver

22
Q

during middle stage dementia, what are interventions like?

A

STRUCTURED with a balance for high vs low arousal, decrease agitation
- AVOID CHALLENGING THEM!!

23
Q

Which emotional/mood symptom might a client with early-stage dementia demonstrate?

A

increased irritability, depression, anxiety

24
Q

At what stage of Alzheimer’s disease does nerve cell damage cause significant motor impairments that limit the ability to complete life tasks?

A

late stage

25
Q

early stage dementia (stage 4 on Riesburg scale) deficits

A
  • problem solving
  • remembering names & details
  • social withdrawal
  • motivation
  • interest in hobbies
  • try new things
  • change
  • judgement & decisions
  • routines are slow
  • irritable, depressed, anxious
  • lose items, blame others
  • self centered
  • no empathy
  • forget recent events
  • repeat themselves
  • poor money management
26
Q

middle stage dementia (stage 5-6 on Riesburg scale) deficits

A
  • more forgetful with recent events
  • place/time confusion
  • lost if away from familiar surroundings
  • names, confuse people
  • SAFETY- leave stove on
  • WANDERING
  • inappropriate behavior
    repetitive
  • neglect hygiene
  • angry, upset, frustrated
  • pacing
  • difficulty choosing clothes
  • vulgar language
27
Q

late stage (Stage 7 on Riesburg scale) dementia deficits

A
  • TD for ADLs
  • unable to understand/use speech
  • difficulty walking (wc, bedridden)
  • incontinent
  • unable to recognize family/friends
  • night disturbance
  • restless
  • aggressive when feeling threatened
  • can’t remember occurrences even for a few minutes
  • can’t recognize everyday objects
  • uncontrolled movements
28
Q

how to promote a safe environment in middle dementia

A
  • avoid scatter rugs, extension cords, clutter
  • handrails, grab bars
  • locks on dangerous cabinets
  • check/lower temperature on water
  • keep dangerous items out of reach
  • supervised smoking (if they smoke)
29
Q

how to create a calm/relaxing environment in middle dementia

A
  • remove stressors/clutter
  • put away visual items
  • evaluate whether living space is too loud/chaotic
30
Q

what are stress-inducing triggers for middle stage dementia patients?

A

noise, glare, background distractions (TV)

31
Q

what are “holistic” therapies for middle dementia patients?

A

music, art, pets, reminiscence (old photos, movies, videos of old TV programs)

32
Q

during which stage of AD do patients wander?

A

stage II (6 on Riesburg scale)

33
Q

during which stage of AD are patients unable to drive?

A

Stage II (5 on Riesburg scale)

34
Q

if a client is confused due to a potentially reversible cause, what should be done as an intervention?

A
  • instruct caregivers on how to provide an environment that meets a person’s sensory needs and/or cues that enable performance
  • referral to other specialist if needed
35
Q
A

NBCOT LAST Attempt (50 decks)

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