Developmental Milestones Flashcards
When does simple rotation develop?
2.5 years
- turning/rolling an object held at finger pads 90 deg or less
EX: unscrewing a small bottle cap
When does complex rotation develop?
6-7 years
- rotation of an object between 180-360 degrees
- EX: turning pencil over to erase
Equilibrium reactions
- Prone tilt (5m+)
- Sit/supine tilt (7-8m+)
- Quadruped tilt (9-12 m+)
- Standing tilt (12-21 m+)
Sequence of progression of independent sitting
- Sitting forwards, propping self on arms (forwards), hands not free to play
- Sitting with more upright posture, arms at sides, hands not free to play
- Sitting independently, hands free to play
Stages of play (long)
- Exploratory/sensorimotor: birth-6m
- Functional/relational: 6-24 m
- Symbolic/pretend: 24-36 m
- Constructive: 24m-4/5y
- Rough & tumble: 3-4 y
- Social: 4+ y
- Creative: 4-6/7y
- Games with rules: 5-6y
- Crafts & hobbies/organized sports: 6-10y
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor: birth - 2y
- Preoperational: 2-7y
- Concrete: 7-11y
- Formal: 12+y
Stage of play (short)
- Unoccupied: 0-3m
- Solitary: 0-2y
- Spectator/onlooker: 2y
- Parallel: 2+y
- Associative: 3-4y
- Cooperative: 4-5y
0-6 m GM milestones
Rolling, supported sitting
GM skills 6-12m
Creeping, crawling, independent sitting, pull to stand, stand momentarily w/no support, change position, cruising
what age can you expect a typically developing child to stab food with a fork?
24-36 months
GM milestones 12-18 m
Independent walking, run w stiff posture, squats, pull toy while walking, start to jump with 2 feet, crawl up stairs & creep down, throw underhand while sitting
GM milestones 18-24 m
Stairs while holding adults hand, runs well, kick ball, jump with feet together
GM milestones 2-3 y
Pick up toys, walk holding toy, up stairs with alternating feet, momentary 2 foot stand, begins to use tricylcle
GM milestones 3-4 y
Jungle gym, pedal tricycle, alternating feet up/down stairs, tip toe walk, catch ball with whole body, GM games
4-5 y GM milestones
Jumping jacks, toe touches, catches ball with 2 hands, up/down stairs with objects
5-6 y GM milestones
Skip, gallop, throw/catch small ball, 1 foot stand for 10 sec
6-7 y GM milestones
Kick ball, hop on 1 foot, bike without training wheels, walk backwards, catch small ball with hands only
Prewriting skill development
- vertical line (imitates at 2y, copies at 3y)
- horizontal line & circle (imitates 2.5y, copies at 3y)
- cross (imitates 3.5 y, copies 4 y)
- square: 4 y
- R/L diagonal line: 4.5 y
- X —> triangle: 5 y
Drinking milestones
4-6m: begin to hold bottle
7-9m: hold bottle
10-12m: drink from straw, open cup with adult holding
15-18m: HOLD CUP, DRINK INDEPENDENTLY
30m: small open cup with 1 hand
3-4y: 1 hand on cup with straw in other hand
Order of grasps
5m: palmar
7m: radial palmar
9m: inferior pincer
10m: opposition
12m: mature pincer
12-18m: precise pincher
Order of pencil grasps
18-24m: palmar supinate
2-3y: radial/digital pronate
3-4y: static tripod, quadruped
5-6y: dynamic tripod
Scissor milestones
1.5-2y: explore, hold, attempt to open/close w 2 hands
2-2.5y: open/close in air, 1 snip at paper
2.5-3y: simple snips, open/close w entire hand
3-3.5y: jagged snips (6in long)
3.5-4y: straight/curve lines with thick guideline, simple circles
4.5-5y: shapes (square, triangle) with helper hand
5-6y: complex shapes (star) within 1.4 in of guideline
Erikson psychosocial developmental stages
Infant-18m: trust vs mistrust
18m-3y: autonomy vs shame & doubt
3-5y: initiative vs guilt
5-13y: industry vs inferiority
13-21y: identify vs role confusion
21-39y: intimacy vs isolation
40-65y: generativity vs stagnation
65+y: ego integrity vs despair
Feeding milestones
6-9m: helps with feeding, hold & mouth crackers, play with spoon
9-13m: finger feeds
12-14m: dips spoon in food, spoon to mouth (messy)
15-18m: feeds self with spoon
18-24m: wants to feed self
2-3y: stabs food with fork, spoon w/no spills
3-5y: eats by self
5-6y: cuts with knife w/supervision
Toileting milestones
1y: distress when soiled
1.5y: sits on toilet short time w supervision
2y: interest in potty training
2.5y: toileting schedule, says when have to toilet, occasional accident
3y: toilets independently with help (fasteners, wiping)
4-5y: toilets independently no help
Dressing milestones
1y: cooperates, doffs shoes/socks
2y: finds holes in pullover shirt, doffs coat w/o zipper, shoes w/o laces, pulls down pants
2.5y: unbuttons large buttons, doffs elastic waist pants, front button coat/shirt, helps donn socks
3-3.5y: front of clothes, snaps, hooks, unzips, 3-4 buttons, unbuckles belt/shoe
4y: removes pullover, zips, donns shoes w/o laces, front/back of clothes
4.5: threads belt in loops
5y: ties/unties knots, dresses independently
6y: back fasteners, ties bows
Order of reflexes integrated
Galant (2m), suck/swallow, traction (2.5m), rooting (3m), MORO, ATNR, palmar (4-6m), TLR (6m), plantar (9m), landau/Superman (12-24m), Babinski (1y), labyrinthine/optical head righting (2+y), neck & body righting (5y)
Postural reactions
4m: DW
6-9m: FW
7m: SW
9-10m: BW
ALL PERSIST
When do children transfer objects hand to hand?
7 m
When do children bang objects together?
8m
When does raking grasp occur?
8m
When do children mouth toys?
4m
When do children jump with 2 feet?
18m
When do children ride a tricycle
3-4y
When do children stand & hop on one foot?
Stand on 1 foot: 5-6y
Hop on 1 foot: 6-7y
When do children run well?
18-24m
When is prone prop?
3 months
When do children bring hands to midline & hands to mouth?
3 months
When can infant sit supported at the pelvis?
5 months
When do children build a 2 cube tower?
15 m
(4 cubes at 18m)
When is independent drinking, feeding, toileting, & dressing?
Drinking: 15-18m
Feeding: 3-5y
Toileting: 4-5y
Dressing: 5y
