cardiac & pulmonary Flashcards
bradyarrhythmia
- Abnormally slow heart rate <60 bpm
- Medical interventions: pacemaker
Tachydysrhythmia
- Abnormally fast heart rate > 100 bpm
- Common in children
- Can lead to congestive heart failure
- Presents as irritability, poor eating habits, pallor (pale)
what MET level is at phase 1 of cardiac rehab?
MET level 1-2
what MET level is at phase 2 of cardiac rehab?
MET levels 4-5
what type of therapy is phase 3 of cardiac rehab?
maintenance- not covered by medicare
what occurs in phase 1 of cardiac rehab?
inpatient rehab
- monitor vitals
- clinical pathway checklist for some dx
- progress ADLs according to MET levels
- monitor for activity intolerance
- HEP: guidelines, pacing, activity simplification, temperature precautions, social/sex guidelines, risk factors, symptoms of activity intolerance
- energy conservation, work simplification
what occurs in phase 2 of cardiac rehab?
outpatient rehab
- progress with activity according to METs
- weight training 2-4 weeks if symptoms controlled
- educate in risk factor modification, psychosocial issues/referral if needed
- work hardening
how often are OT services in phase 2 rehab?
3x per week for 4-8 weeks
what occurs in phase 3 of cardiac rehab?
- maintenance, in community settings
- physician referral
- stress test
- continue phase 2 activities, progres as tolerated
- less therapy supervision
erythrocytosis
too many RBCs & WBCs (transient leukemia)
transient leukemia
too many WBCs
- in down syndrome children
hemophilia
blood disorder, hereditary
- males
- absence of one of clotting proteins
- excessive or spontaneous bleeding/bruising without known cause, nose bleeds
mild hemophilia
bleeding after trauma/injury (not otherwise)
moderate hemophilia
bleeding after minor injuries
severe hemophilia
bleeding after injury of without cause
- may affect muscles/joints
anemia
iron deficiency in the blood
- diet of iron rich food
- indicates lead poisoning, vitamin deficiency, leukemia, sickle cell disease
sickle cell anemia
- form of anemia, abnormal shaped RBCs
- mostly African Americans
- risk of organ damage, have pain (do intervention for pain management)
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- due to prolonged mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory problems
- thick airway, excess mucus, restricted alveolar growth
- risk of respiratory infections/problems
respiratory distress syndrome/hyaline membrane disease
- premature infants (mother tx with steroids before delivery to stimulate surfactant)
- low surfactant (at 34th week gestation)
- compromised O2 absorption, CO2 elimination
- chronic lung problems (collapse after each breath)
- mild case = supplemental O2 or with positive airways pressure (O2 + air) in nose
- severe case: intubation, O2 + air by ventilator under positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
asthma
bronchial smooth muscle hyperreactivity
- causes airway constriction in lower respiratory tract, difficulty breathing, wheezing
- 1st symptom before 5 yo
- triggered by allergens, smoke, cold air, exercise, inhaling irritants
intervention for asthma
- reduce irritant exposure
- self management strategies (pacing, stress management)
- structured peer group activities to reduce social isolation
- breathing exercises (controlled/counted breathing) to manage attacks
- stretching
controlled breathing
counted breathing
- technique for increasing O2 body needs during stress, focuses attention on breathing (puts other thoughts/worries aside briefly)
pursed lip breathing
- controls oxygenation and ventilation
- inspire through the nose and exhale through the mouth at a slow controlled flow
- Breathe in through your nose, almost like you’re smelling something, for about two seconds. Use your abdominal muscles to help fill your lungs with air.
- Pucker your lips as if you’re about to blow out a candle and then breathe out slowly through your mouth. Breathe out twice as long as when you inhaled. Make a quiet hissing sound as you exhale.
eupnea
normal quiet breathing that requires contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
