Patterns of Neurological Presentations Flashcards
describe the weakness seen with an UMN lesion
corticospinal distribution i.e. hemiparesis, quadriparesis
describe the weakness seen with an LMN lesion
generalised
predominantly proximal, distal or focal
describe the sensory loss seen with an UMN lesion
central pattern
describe the sensory loss seen with an LMN lesion
can have none or a glove/stocking/peripheral distribution
describe the effect an UMN lesion has on deep tendon reflexes
increased
describe the effect an LMN lesion has on deep tendon reflexes
normal or decreased
describe the effect an UMN lesion has on superficial reflexes
decreased
describe the effect an LMN lesion has on superficial reflexes
normal
describe the effect an UMN lesion has on pathological reflexes
increased
describe the effect an LMN lesion has on pathological reflexes
normal
describe the effect an UMN lesion has on muscle tone and bulk
tone increased
bulk = sometimes hypertrophy
describe the effect an LMN lesion has on muscle tone and bulk
tone = normal/decreased bulk. = wasting
what type of lesion is suggested by a stocking + glove pattern of sensory loss?
length dependent neuropathy
what type of lesion is suggested by a dermatomal pattern of sensory loss?
mononeuropathy
radicular or plexus lesion
what type of lesion is suggested by a sensory level pattern of sensory loss?
spinal cord lesion
what type of lesion is suggested by hemianesthesia?
contralateral cerebral lesion
what type of lesion is suggested by dissociated sensory loss with lost spinothalamic sensation but preserved dorsal column?
hemi cord damage
describe a cerebellar gait
broad based
unsteady
how is intention tremor/ataxia assessed?
arms = finger nose test legs = knee heel test
tremor exaggerated nearer to the target
what is dysdiadochokinesis?
clumsy, fast alternating movements
what are some possible features of cerebellar disorders?
intention tremor
dysdiadocochokinesis
nystagmus
dysarthria
what are some possible signs associated with frontal lobe dysfunction?
personality dysfunction seizures incontinence visual field defects anosmia
what are some possible signs associated with temporal lobe dysfunction?
memory dysfunction agnosia visual field defects temporal lobe epilepsy auditory dysfunction
what are some possible signs associated with parietal lobe dysfunction?
visual field defect sensory dysfunction gerstmann's syndrome dyspraxia denial
what is gerstmann’s syndrome?
dysgraphia
left-right disorientation
finger agnosia
acalculia