Neuroanatomy - Auditory and Visual Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

where are the organs of hearing and balance located?

A

in the inner ear

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2
Q

what nerve facilitates hearing?

A

CN VIII (cochlear)

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3
Q

where do the nerve fibres for the cochlear nerve starts and where do they travel to?

A

the primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus

pass down to the cochlear nucleus

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4
Q

what nuclei are important in sound localisation?

A

olivary nucleus

nucleus of the lateral leminiscus

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5
Q

where do fibres carrying information about low frequency sounds go in the auditory cortex?

A

the anterolateral part

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6
Q

where do fibres carrying information about high frequency sounds go in the auditory cortex?

A

posteromedial part

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7
Q

what is aphasia?

A

the inability to use language

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8
Q

what two areas can be damaged resulting in aphasia?

A

broca’s area

wernicke’s area

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9
Q

how does broca’s aphasia present?

A

difficulty producing language, using a few words and only saying the most important words

dont usually struggle to understand language

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10
Q

what are other names for broca’s aphasia?

A

motor aphasia

expressive aphasia

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11
Q

how does wernicke’s aphasia present?

A

difficulty comprehending language

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12
Q

what are other names for wernicke’s aphasia?

A

sensory aphasia

receptive aphasia

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13
Q

what nerve mediates balance?

A

CN VIII (vestibular nerve)

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14
Q

how are objects projected onto the retina and why?

A

reversed and upside down

because of the shape of the lens

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15
Q

where is information from the lower visual field projected to in the brain?

A

the gyrus superior to the calcarine sulcus

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16
Q

where is information from the upper visual field projected to in the brain?

A

the gyrus inferior to the calcarine sulcus

17
Q

where is information from the macula projected to in the brain?

A

the posterior pole of the visual cortex

18
Q

what is another name for the optic radiation?

A

the geniculocalcarine tract

19
Q

where do fibres of the geniculocalcarine tract originate?

A

initially form part of the internal capsule

20
Q

describe the direct and consensual reflexes of the pupillary light reflex

A

shine light into the right eye

right pupil constricts = direct light reflex
left pupil constricts = consensual light reflex

21
Q

what is hemianopia?

A

blindness for half of the field of vision in one or both eyes

22
Q

what is the term form when vision is lost in the same visual field in both eyes?

A

homonymous

the opposite is heteronymous

23
Q

name three different types of fibres in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres

A

association fibres
commissural fibres
projection fibres

24
Q

what do association fibres do?

A

connect cortical sites lying in the same hemisphere

25
what do commissural fibres do?
connect one hemisphere to the other usually connecting areas with similar functions
26
what do projection fibres do?
connect hemispheres to deeper structures such as the thalamus, corpus striatum, brain stem and spinal cord